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Table 3 Bias of measurements between different examiners and different methods

From: The accuracy and reliability of digital measurements of gingival recession versus conventional methods

 

95% Lower Limit

95% Upper Limit

Bias

Examiners

 A to B

−0.912

1.023

0.055

 A to C

−1.107

1.099

- 0.004

 A to D

−1.559

0.934

−0.313

 B to C

- 1.199

1.080

- 0.056

 B to D

- 1.656

0.919

- 0.369

 C to D

- 1.717

0.718

- 0.309

Methods

 CP to CC

- 1.455

1.060

- 0.198

 CP to DP

- 1.244

1.219

- 0.013

 CP to DC

- 1.249

1.152

- 0.049

 CC to DP

−1.012

1.382

0.185

 CC to DC

−0.952

1.250

0.149

 DP to DC

−0.652

0.580

−0.036

  1. A, B, C, and D: the four examiners in the study. CP, conventional method using periodontal probe; CC, conventional method of taking measurements on cast model using caliper; DP, digital measurements of intraoral scans; and DC, digital measurements of digitalized cast models