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Table 1 Multi-level Mixed-effect model estimates

From: Prevalence of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in a patient population at Harvard School of Dental Medicine

Fixed-effect Model

Intercept (grand mean) for whole sample

Random-effect Model

Allows variability between individuals, teeth, and sites

 SD Individuals

SD of each individual’s mean from the overall grand mean

 SD Teeth

SD of each tooth’s mean from its individual’s mean

 SD Sites

SD of each observation (site) from its tooth’s mean