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Table 4 Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of quality of life score (lowest tertile was used as the reference), according to predictorsa, among all participants (Weighted N = 1807)

From: Association between gingival parameters and Oral health–related quality of life in Caribbean adults: a population-based cross-sectional study

Predictors

Tertile 2 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)

Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Age, years

0.99 (0.98; 0.99)

0.027

0.99 (0.98; 0.99)

0.002

Gender

 Male

0.79 (0.64; 0.98)

0.032

0.54 (0.42; 0.68)

< 0.001

 Female (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Level of education

 None/basic

1.08 (0.76; 1.53)

0.666

1.14 (0.76; 1.71)

0.519

 Middle/technical

1.11 (0.81; 1.51)

0.517

1.04 (0.76; 1.42)

0.820

 University (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Smoking

 Current

1.24 (0.85; 1.83)

0.264

2.13 (1.57; 2.88)

< 0.001

 Past

1.01 (0.75; 1.35)

0.950

1.02 (0.69; 1.49)

0.930

 Never (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Any diseases/conditions

 Yes

0.93 (0.74; 1.16)

0.512

1.39 (1.10; 1.76)

0.005

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Number of missing teeth

1.04 (1.01; 1.07)

0.019

1.05 (1.02; 1.08)

< 0.001

Mean gingival index

1.52 (1.10; 2.11)

0.012

2.24 (1.69; 2.97)

< 0.001

Mean plaque index

1.00 (0.53; 1.89)

0.992

1.63 (0.81; 3.29)

0.175

Mean calculus index

1.13 (0.73; 1.73)

0.591

0.92 (0.62; 1.35)

0.663

Frequency of dental visits

  ≥ Once per year (ref.)

1.0

1.0

 Never

0.54 (0.27; 1.06)

0.073

1.02 (0.46; 2.25)

0.963

 Only when there is a problem

1.09 (0.71; 1.67)

0.687

1.58 (1.07; 2.32)

0.020

 Missing

0.68 (0.33; 1.41)

0.300

1.39 (0.86; 2.24)

0.184

Use of dental floss

 Yes

1.04 (0.81; 1.35)

0.745

0.96 (0.70; 1.31)

0.790

 No (ref.)

1.0

1.0

Location

 Kingston

0.70 (0.51; 0.95)

0.020

0.57 (0.34; 0.94)

0.028

 Santo Domingo

0.76 (0.54; 1.08)

0.127

0.83 (0.57; 1.19)

0.311

 San Juan (ref.)

1.0

1.0

  1. aOdds ratio estimates were obtained from a multinomial logistic regression model, with all listed variables as predictors and the three-level categorical OHIP score (tertile) as the outcome, using the lowest tertile (best summary quality of life score) as the reference