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Table 1 Systematic reviews on the application of virual reality and augmented reality in oral and maxillofacial surgery

From: The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Authors

Year

Scope

Main findings

Conclusion

Recommendations

Joda et al [7]

2019

Augmented and virtual reality in dental medicine

The technologies were mainly used for educational training

Virtual reality is a promising tool that could deliver predictable outcomes

Establishing technological standards and developing approved applications are essential

Maliha et al. [8]

2018

Haptic, physical and web-based simulators in maxillary surgery

Most of the studies “10” were on virtual reality haptic based simulators.

no studies with high level of evidence

Studies on the effectiveness of the surgical simulators with high level of evidence are needed.

Huang Y et al [13]

2018

Application of virtual and augmented reality in dentistry

Computerized dental simulators provide the best training system for dental students

The methods are essential tools in the future of dental OSCE

The methods should be applied more extensively in medical treatment

Chen X, Hu J [9]

2018

Virtual reality based haptic simulation in oral surgery

Virtual and tactile fusion of virtual environment is effective for surgical simulation

Haptic technology provides excellent facility to improve surgical skills

Controlled studies are needed

Azarmehr et al

2017

Treatments and outcomes of surgical navigation

The accuracy of surgical navigation was within 1–2 mm

The method is useful addition to the surgical toolkit

Training is required due to the steep learning curve

Lin H, Lo J [10]

2015

Surgical simulation and intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery

The method provides precise translation of the surgical plan

Navigation facilitates intraoperative manipulation of the osteotomy segments

Randomised controlled trials are essential

Jayaratne et al [12]

2010

Computer assisted oral & maxillofacial surgery

Most focused on CBCT, stereophotogrammetry and surgical planning software

Accurate diagnosis can be achieved and can be executed via surgical navigation

Technology transfer from research to clinical care