Fig. 2

pH and Ca²⁺ release in biofilms. Results from pH (a) and Ca²⁺ release measurements (b) in S. mutans biofilms. pH was measured in the growth medium at baseline, in supernatants after 24 h of culture and in supernatants as well as suspended biofilms after 72 h of culture. Ca²⁺ release was measured in supernatants and suspended biofilms after 72 h. All results are depicted medians, 1st and 3rd quartiles from the values of at least 12 independent duplicate experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between groups (** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001)