Table 3 Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies using QUADAS2 tool

Nagao et al. 2006 [65]

Developing novel method for alveolar bone resorption assessment caused by periodontitis

Dental CT

Not applicable

N/A

N/A

Walter et al. 2010 [71]

14 patients, five women and nine men, with a mean age of 57.0 years (range 42–81 years) and a diagnosis of generalized chronic periodontitis

CBCT Accuitomo with settings in the range of 74–90 kV, 5–8 mA and voxel sizes in the range of 0.08–0.25 mm

Intrasurgical measurements

De Faria et al. 2012 [74]

Image records of 39 teeth from 11 adult patients of both genders, aged between 39 and 66 years

CBCT i-CAT with 120 kV and 36.12 mAs. The field of view (FOV) was 6 cm and the voxel size was 0.260.260.2 mm | Intraoral radiography (Kodak) with 120 kV and 36.12 mAs. The field of view (FOV) was 6 cm and the voxel size was 0.260.260.2 mm

Not available

N/A

N/A

Fiejo et al. 2012 [76]

6 patients with 12 measurement sites

CBCT i-CAT with voxel size of 0.2 mm and 40 seconds acquisition time

Intrasurgical measurements

Walter et al. 2012 [69]

12 patients, 3 women and 9 men, with an average age of 57.5 years (range: 41–80 years) and a diagnosis of generalized chronic periodontit-is

CBCT 3D Accuotom with volumes of 4 9 4 cm to 6 9 6 cm

Intrasurgical measurements

Raichur et al. 2012 [81]

7 patient (3 males and 4 females) having moderate to severe periodontitis

Digital volume tomography Kodak 9000 C3D with (exposure parameters were set at 70-74 kV, 10 mA and 10.8 seconds} & Radiovisiography (with a size #2 charged couple device (CCD) intraoral digital sensor§ and a standard X-ray unit* operating at 60-63 kV, 8 mA and 0.25-0.32 sec)

Direct measurements with UNC 15 probe

Marinescu et al. 2013 [84]

19 patients with (presenting a total of 25 lower molars with different degrees of furcation defects )

CBCT

Clinical measurements

Qiao et al. 2013 [86]

15 patients (9 women and 6 men) with an average age of 43.5 years and a diagnosis of generalized chronic periodontitis

CBCT Accuitomo with settings in the range 74–90 kV and 5–8 mA and voxel size of 0.125 × 0.125 × 0.125 mm

Intrasurgi-cal measurem-ents

Haghgoo et al. 2014 [87]

50 interproximal sites in patients having periodontitis are assessed

CBCT (Newtom 3G, Verona. Italy) and direct digital intraoral radiography (Sopro-La Ciotat-France) was taken.

Intrasurgi-cal findings

Banodkar et al. 2015 [88]

15 patients with hundred periodontal bone defects

CBCT promax (Planmec) with 90 kv, voxel size-400 μm, current-10 mA, and exposure time-13 s

Intrasurgical measurements

Cimbaljevic et al 2015 [89]

15 patients (4 men and 11 women aged 35 to 60 years; mean age 44.5 ± 8.4 years) with 174 furcation sites

CBCT unit (SCANORA 3Dx, Soredex) with 80 × 100 mm field of view, 0.25 mm voxel size, 90 kV tube voltage, 10 mA tube current, and 2.4 seconds active scanning time | Probing using a Nabers probe (PQ2N, Hu-Friedy)

Not available

N/A

N/A

Darby et al. 2015 [90]

Clinical records ( Retrospective ) from the Periodontics clinic at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne (RDHM)

CBCT i-CAT with slice thickness 1 mm, voxel size 0.2 mm. 120 kV, 20.7 mAs⁻¹, 14.7 s acquisition time)

Not available

N/A

N/A

Li F et al. 2015 [91]

44 patients (22 men and 22 women) with 44 intrabony defects

CBCT New Tom, Verona, Italy (12-17mA and 110 Kv), and digitalperiapical radiography (70kVp and 12-25mA)

Intrasurgi-cal measurements made with a probe (HU-Friedy)

Guo et al. 2016 [92]

6 patients (2 males and 4 females)

CBCT 3D Accuitomo with a field of view of 4 3 4 cm, tube voltage of 75–85 kVp and tube current of 5 mA. The voxel size used was 0.125 3 0.125 3 0.125 mm.

Intrasurgical measurem-ents

Zhu et al. 2016 [96]

11 patients (Thirty-nine sites with degree II FI, classified by probing of 21 maxillary molars, were investigated}

CBCT 3D Accuitomo with volumes of 4 × 4 to 6 × 6 cm, with a setting in the range of 80 kV, 5.0 to 6.3 mA and a voxel size of 0.125 × 0.125 × 0.125 mm

Not available

N/A

N/A

N/A

Suphanantachat et al.2017 [94]

25 patients

Intraoral radiograph (Kodak) with 70 kV, 7 mA, exposure time 0.2–0.4 s | CBCT 3D Accuitomo with volumes of 100 3 100 mm, 80 kV, 5 mA, exposure time of 17.5 s and a voxel size of 0.25 mm

Not available

N/A

N/A

Padmanabhan et al. 2017 [95]

14 patients (20–60 years) with 25 mandibular molar furcation sites

Intraoral periapical radiography | CBCT with 84 kv, 5 mA, 20 s, Voxel size of 180 μm

Intrasurgi-cal measurem-ents

Zhang et al. 2018 [96]

83 patients with chronic periodontitis

CBCT with a field of view (FOV) of 150 × 90 mm2. The scans were acquired at 90 kVp, 10 mA, 16 s and a 0.2 mm3 voxel size with a Kodak 9500 unit (Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA), Intraoral using the unit (Instrumentarium Dental, Charlotte, NC, USA) operating at 70 kVp, 7 mA , and an exposure time corresponding to the exposed area, Clinical measurements

Not available

N/A

N/A