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Table 2 Parenting practices of mothers and fathers

From: Parenting practices and oral health status in rural areas in Egypt: a household survey

Parenting Domain

Item

Mother

Father

P Value

Mean ± SD

Parental Involvementa

You play games or do other fun things with your parent

3.21 ± 1.61

2.83 ± 1.64

< 0.001*

Your parent asks you about your day in school

4.20 ± 1.41

3.31 ± 1.78

< 0.001*

Your parent helps you with your homework

3.09 ± 1.85

2.43 ± 1.73

< 0.001*

Total

10.50 ± 3.30

8.57 ± 3.91

< 0.001*

Positive parentinga

Your parent tells you that you are doing a good job

4.43 ± 1.21

3.69 ± 1.74

< 0.001*

Your parent compliments you when you have done something well

4.69 ± 0.94

4.15 ± 1.52

< 0.001*

Your parent praises you for behaving well

4.64 ± 1.00

4.28 ± 1.41

< 0.001*

Total

13.75 ± 2.40

12.12 ± 3.90

< 0.001*

Inconsistent disciplinea

Your parent lets you out of a punishment early

3.48 ± 1.64

2.74 ± 1.75

< 0.001*

Your parent threatens to punish you and then do not do it

3.32 ± 1.69

2.35 ± 1.64

< 0.001*

You talk your parent out of punishing you after you have done something wrong

3.59 ± 1.74

2.98 ± 1.87

< 0.001*

Total

10.39 ± 3.37

8.07 ± 3.72

< 0.001*

Poor supervision and monitoringb

You fail to leave a note or let your parent know where you are going

1.86 ± 1.49

1.67 ± 1.31

< 0.001*

Your parent let you stay out in the evening past the time you are supposed to be home

1.31 ± 0.93

1.26 ± 0.83

0.02*

Your parent does not know the friends you are with

1.50 ± 1.23

1.54 ± 1.22

0.48

Total

4.68 ± 2.76

4.47 ± 2.33

0.008*

Corporal punishmentb

Your parent spanks you with their hand when you have done something wrong

2.55 ± 1.75

2.12 ± 1.67

< 0.001*

Your parent hits you with a belt, switch, or other object when you have done something wrong

3.09 ± 1.81

2.61 ± 1.80

< 0.001*

Your parent slaps you when you have done something wrong

2.88 ± 1.78

2.40 ± 1.78

< 0.001*

Total

8.53 ± 4.05

7.14 ± 4.23

< 0.001*

  1. aPaired t-test was used. bWilcoxon signed rank test was used
  2. *statistically significant at p < 0.05
  3. Higher scores of positive parenting and involvement signify good parenting practices, while higher scores of poor monitoring/supervision, corporal punishment and inconsistent discipline indicate ineffective parenting
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BMC Oral Health

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