Table 3 Variables associated with gingival bleeding and calculus using training data as selected by univariate analysis (n = 3394)
From: Gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old Chinese adolescents: a multilevel analysis
Variables | Categories | Gingival bleeding | Calculus | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Yes | No | OR (95%CI) | p | Yes | No | OR (95%CI) | p | |
Region | Pi County | 264 | 190 | 1 | Â | 355 | 99 | 1 | Â |
Chuanshan District | 318 | 276 | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) | 0.14 | 402 | 192 | 0.58 (0.44, 0.77) | < 0.01 | |
Da County | 319 | 323 | 0.71 (0.56, 0.91) | 0.01 | 439 | 203 | 0.60 (0.46, 0.79) | < 0.01 | |
Yibin County | 315 | 300 | 0.76 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.02 | 381 | 234 | 0.45 (0.34, 0.60) | < 0.01 | |
Jinniu District | 137 | 376 | 0.26 (0.20, 0.34) | < 0.01 | 310 | 203 | 0.43 (0.32, 0.56) | < 0.01 | |
Guang’an District | 213 | 363 | 0.42 (0.33, 0.54) | < 0.01 | 373 | 203 | 0.51 (0.39, 0.68) | < 0.01 | |
Gender | Female | 805 | 949 | 1 | Â | 1112 | 642 | 1 | Â |
Male | 761 | 879 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 0.77 | 1148 | 492 | 1.35 (1.17, 1.56) | < 0.01 | |
Ethnicity | Others | 20 | 19 | 1 | Â | 31 | 8 | 1 | Â |
Han | 1546 | 1809 | 0.81 (0.43, 1.53) | 0.52 | 2229 | 1126 | 0.51 (0.22, 1.06) | 0.09 | |
hukou | Rural | 938 | 809 | 1 | Â | 1248 | 499 | 1 | Â |
Urban | 628 | 1019 | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61) | < 0.01 | 1012 | 635 | 0.64 (0.55, 0.74) | < 0.01 | |
Family size | One child | 982 | 1178 | 1 | Â | 1420 | 740 | 1 | Â |
More than one child | 584 | 650 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) | 0.30 | 840 | 394 | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 0.17 | |
Father’s educational level | Middle school or lower a | 1168 | 1045 | 1 |  | 1624 | 589 | 1 |  |
More than middle schoolb | 398 | 783 | 0.45 (0.39, 0.53) | < 0.01 | 636 | 545 | 0.42 (0.36, 0.49) | < 0.01 | |
Mother’s educational level | Middle school or lower a | 1250 | 1240 | 1 |  | 1756 | 734 | 1 |  |
More than middle schoolb | 316 | 588 | 0.53 (0.46, 0.62) | < 0.01 | 504 | 400 | 0.53 (0.45, 0.62) | < 0.01 | |
Brushing frequency (times/day) | Never | 148 | 111 | 1 | Â | 188 | 71 | 1 | Â |
Sometimes | 348 | 142 | 1.84 (1.34, 2.52) | < 0.01 | 399 | 91 | 1.66 (1.16, 2.36) | 0.01 | |
1 | 739 | 711 | 0.78 (0.60, 1.02) | 0.07 | 1013 | 437 | 0.88 (0.65, 1.17) | 0.38 | |
≥2 | 331 | 864 | 0.29 (0.22, 0.38) | < 0.01 | 660 | 535 | 0.47 (0.34, 0.62) | < 0.01 | |
Dental floss use | Never | 1512 | 1698 | 1 | Â | 2161 | 1049 | 1 | Â |
Yes | 54 | 129 | 0.47 (0.33, 0.64) | < 0.01 | 99 | 85 | 0.56 (0.42, 0.76) | < 0.01 | |
Candy/chocolate /cookies /cakes | ≤1/week | 594 | 786 | 1 |  | 907 | 473 | 1 |  |
> 1/week | 972 | 1042 | 1.23 (1.08, 1.42) | < 0.01 | 1353 | 661 | 1.07 (0.92, 1.23) | 0.38 | |
Sugar-containing soft drink/soda/ milk/yogurt /tea/coffee/water | ≤1/week | 377 | 764 | 1 |  | 701 | 440 | 1 |  |
> 1/week | 1189 | 1064 | 2.26 (1.95 2.63) | < 0.01 | 1559 | 694 | 1.41 (1.21, 1.64) | < 0.01 | |
History of dental visit (previous year) | No | 1224 | 1436 | 1 | Â | 1779 | 881 | 1 | Â |
Yes | 342 | 392 | 1.02 (0.87, 1.21) | 0.78 | 481 | 253 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 0.49 | |
Frequency of dental curricula (previous semester) | 0 | 1424 | 1569 | 1 | Â | 2020 | 973 | 1 | Â |
≥1 | 142 | 259 | 0.60 (0.49, 0.75) | < 0.01 | 240 | 161 | 0.72 (0.58, 0.89) | < 0.01 | |