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Table 4 Selected variables using training data shown to be associated with gingival bleeding by multi-level logistic regression analyses (n = 3394)

From: Gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old Chinese adolescents: a multilevel analysis

Variables

Categories

Null model

Model with individual and contextual variables

OR (95% CI)

p

Fixed effect

Individual level

hukou

  

1

 

Rural

 

0.61 (0.52, 0.72)

< 0.01

Family size

Urban

 

1

 

One child

 

1.41 (1.19, 1.68)

< 0.01

Father’s educational level

More than one child

 

1

 

Middle school or lower a

 

0.53 (0.45, 0.63)

< 0.01

Mother’s educational level

More than middle schoolb

 

1

 
  

0.71 (0.59, 0.86)

< 0.01

Brushing frequency (times/day)

  

1

 
  

2.03 (1.46, 2.82)

< 0.01

  

0.93 (0.70, 1.23)

0. 60

  

0.35 (0.26, 0.48)

< 0.01

Dental floss use

  

1

 
  

0.58 (0.41, 0.83)

< 0.01

Sugar-containing soft drink/Pop/ milk/yogurt/tea/coffee/water

  

1

 
  

2.11 (1.80, 2.49)

< 0.01

Dental visit (previous year)

  

1

 
  

1.44 (1.19, 1.74)

< 0.01

Random effect

Contextual level variance (SEc)

 

0.20 (0.12)

0.13 (0.08)

0.10

AICd

 

4562.8

4051.4

 

Average intercept

 

−0.173

−0.02246

 

VPCe

 

0.0469

0.031252

 
  1. Abbreviations: aMiddle school or lower, ≤9 years; bMore than middle school, > 9 years; cSE standard error, dAIC Akaike Information Criteria, eVPC variance partitioning coefficient attributable to the second level (regions)