From: Gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old Chinese adolescents: a multilevel analysis
Variables | Categories | Null model | Model with individual and contextual variables | |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | |||
Fixed effect | ||||
Individual level | ||||
hukou | Â | Â | 1 | Â |
Rural |  | 0.61 (0.52, 0.72) | < 0.01 | |
Family size | Urban | Â | 1 | Â |
One child |  | 1.41 (1.19, 1.68) | < 0.01 | |
Father’s educational level | More than one child |  | 1 |  |
Middle school or lower a |  | 0.53 (0.45, 0.63) | < 0.01 | |
Mother’s educational level | More than middle schoolb |  | 1 |  |
 |  | 0.71 (0.59, 0.86) | < 0.01 | |
Brushing frequency (times/day) | Â | Â | 1 | Â |
 |  | 2.03 (1.46, 2.82) | < 0.01 | |
 |  | 0.93 (0.70, 1.23) | 0. 60 | |
 |  | 0.35 (0.26, 0.48) | < 0.01 | |
Dental floss use | Â | Â | 1 | Â |
 |  | 0.58 (0.41, 0.83) | < 0.01 | |
Sugar-containing soft drink/Pop/ milk/yogurt/tea/coffee/water | Â | Â | 1 | Â |
 |  | 2.11 (1.80, 2.49) | < 0.01 | |
Dental visit (previous year) | Â | Â | 1 | Â |
 |  | 1.44 (1.19, 1.74) | < 0.01 | |
Random effect | ||||
Contextual level variance (SEc) | Â | 0.20 (0.12) | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.10 |
AICd | Â | 4562.8 | 4051.4 | Â |
Average intercept |  | −0.173 | −0.02246 |  |
VPCe | Â | 0.0469 | 0.031252 | Â |