Experimental pain and fatigue induced by excessive chewing

BMC Oral Health

Table 4 Differences at end of chewing in all measures between trials and between 15 men and 16 women

	All		P-value	40-min		P-value	60-min		P-value
	40-min	60-min		Men	Women		Men	Women
Fatigue	14 (3)	16 (5)	0.10	13 (7)	14.5 (3)	0.49	17 (4)	12.5 (6)	0.08
Pain Characteristics
Pain Intensity	0 (5)	3 (5)	0.39	0 (3.5)	0 (5)	0.82	3 (6)	0 (3)	0.15
Pain Area	0 (55.00)	4.00 (140.00)	0.008*	0 (13.75)	5.00 (78.75)	0.12	2.00 (301.30)	67.00 (125.00)	0.91
Pressure Pain Thresholds
PPT Masseter	95.50 (19.00)	97.00 (28.50)	0.71	99.25 (24.50)	85.50 (21.38)	0.02	95.25 (42.88)	97.50 (22.38)	0.43
PPT Temporal	95.50 (23.00)	91.50 (21.50)	0.57	100.50 (21.00)	95.50 (25.75)	0.45	86.00 (20.50)	95.50 (31.88)	0.20
PPT Reference	91.00 (29.50)	102.50 (40.00)	0.14	96.00 (29.00)	89.25 (32.50)	0.20	100.00 (45.50)	112.50 (28.13)	0.29
Functional Measures
Max Bite Force	104.60 (39.60)	96.70 (49.90)	0.51	118.20 (49.60)	91.00 (53.40)	0.02	96.70 (36.10)	99.20 (85.70)	0.21
Max Mouth Opening	98.20 (6.30)	100.00 (8.30)	0.75	100.00 (6.20)	96.40 (5.90)	0.06	97.30 (8.30)	100.00 (4.90)	0.47

The subjective fatigue was assessed in Borg’s RPE, the pain intensity (=peak pain) in numeric rating scale (NRS), the pain area in arbitrary units (au), the change in pressure pain threshold in percent (%), the change in maximum voluntary bite force in percent (%) and the change in maximum mouth opening capacity in percent (%). Data are expressed as median (IQR; interquartile range). P-values refer to the comparisons between trials by Wilcoxon Signed Rank and sexes by Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test. * = significant difference P < 0.005 for subjective fatigue and pain intensity, < 0.013 for pain area and < 0.006 for the rest of the variables after applied Bonferroni Corrections

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