Table 4 Risk of bias and individual quality of the studies assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews for Randomized Controlled Trials. The risk of bias was classified as high when the study reached up to 49% of "yes" score, moderate when the study reached from 50% to 69% of "yes" score, and low when the study reached more than 70% of "yes" score
Authors | Q.1 | Q.2 | Q.3 | Q.4 | Q.5 | Q.6 | Q.7 | Q.8 | Q.9 | Q.10 | Q.11 | Q.12 | Q.13 | % yes/risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pasqualini et al., 2012 [18] | U | U | √ | -- | N/A | N/A | √ | √ | -- | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 46% yes/ high risk of bias |
Chen et al., 2013 [32] | U | U | √ | -- | N/A | N/A | √ | -- | -- | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 38% yes/ high risk of bias |
Guo et al., 2014 [33] | U | U | √ | -- | N/A | N/A | √ | √ | N/A | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 46% yes/ high risk of bias |
Adıgüzel et al., 2019 [2] | √ | √ | √ | -- | N/A | N/A | √ | √ | N/A | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 61% yes/ moderate risk of bias |
Keskin et al., 2019 [4] | √ | √ | √ | -- | N/A | N/A | √ | √ | -- | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 61% yes/ moderate risk of bias |
Tüfenkçi et al., 2019 [34] | √ | √ | √ | √ | N/A | N/A | √ | √ | N/A | √ | N/A | √ | √ | 69% yes/ moderate risk of bias |