Table 1 Characteristics of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and healthy controls
Characteristic | Patients with pSS (n = 58) | Healthy controls (n = 55) | 95% CI of the difference | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) (mean ± SD) | 54.91 ± 13.68 | 51.42 ± 13.82 | −8.62 to 1.63 | 0.917 |
Gender | ||||
Female | 55 (94.8) | 55 (100.0) | 0.244 | |
Smoking status | ||||
Current smoker | 13 (22.4) | 8 (14.5) | ||
Former smoker | 5 (8.6) | 5 (9.1) | 0.560 | |
Never smoked | 40 (60.9) | 42 (76.4) | ||
Disease duration (yrs) (mean ± SD) | 7.65 ± 5.85 | N/A | 6.09 to 9.22 | |
Ocular dryness | 51 (87.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Oral dryness | 53 (91.4) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Dysphagia | 35 (60.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Nasal dryness | 18 (31.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Dyspareunia | 21 (36.2) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Salivary gland enlargement | 28 (48.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
Reynaud phenomenon | 24 (42.1) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 | |
ESSDAI* | N/A | |||
< 5 low activity | 15 (26.8) | |||
5–13 moderate activity | 24 (42.8) | |||
> 13 high activity | 17 (30.4) | |||
ESSPRI** | N/A | |||
< 5 satisfactory | 23 (40.4) | |||
> =5 unsatisfactory symptom state | 34 (59.6) | |||
Scintigraphy of salivary glands | N/A | |||
Positive | 41 (89.1) | |||
Salivary gland biopsy | N/A | |||
Positive | 28 (87.5) | |||
Schirmer’s test | N/A | |||
Abnormal | 45 (90.0) | |||
Rose Bengal score | N/A | |||
A bnormal | 38 (95.0) | |||
Tear break-up time (BUT) | N/A | |||
Abnormal | 43 (93.5) | |||
Antinuclear antibody | N/A | |||
Positive | 41 (70.7) | |||
SS-A | N/A | |||
Positive | 47 (81.0) | |||
SS-B | N/A | |||
Positive | 27 (46.6) | |||
RF | N/A | |||
Positive | 40 (69.0) | |||