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Table 2 Degree of color variation (ΔE* and ΔE00) of stained dental enamel model from tooth bleaching formulae set #2 (L1.0 + CD20). L, CD, and CP represented limonene, coconut diethanolamide, and carbamide peroxide, respectively (p < 0.05). CP = 10–15%

From: Efficiency of tooth bleaching agent on staining and discoloration characteristics of nicotine stained dental enamel model

Nicotine content (mg/mL)

Before treatment

After treatment with tooth bleaching formulae

ΔE*

ΔE00

set #2 + CP5

set #2 + CP10

set #2 + CP15

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

6

4.18

3.78

4.12

3.72

3.87

3.52

3.61

3.32

11

4.43

4.00

4.11

3.71

3.93

3.57

3.62

3.30

16

4.69

4.22

4.19

3.79

4.01

3.63

3.63

3.31

21

4.97

4.56

4.17

3.78

3.99

3.63

3.71

3.39