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Table 3 Degree of color variation (ΔE* and ΔE00) of stained dental enamel model from tooth bleaching formulae set #3 (L1.5 + CD30). L, CD, and CP represented limonene, coconut diethanolamide, and carbamide peroxide, respectively (p < 0.05). CP = 10–15%

From: Efficiency of tooth bleaching agent on staining and discoloration characteristics of nicotine stained dental enamel model

Nicotine content (mg/mL)

Before treatment

After treatment with tooth bleaching formulae

ΔE*

ΔE00

set #3 + CP5

set #3 + CP10

set #3 + CP15

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

ΔE*

ΔE00

6

4.18

3.78

4.03

3.68

3.92

3.57

3.69

3.36

11

4.43

4.00

4.05

3.69

3.94

3.60

3.74

3.41

16

4.69

4.22

4.11

3.73

3.91

3.57

3.77

3.44

21

4.97

4.56

4.06

3.67

3.90

3.53

3.72

3.40