Effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling approach to improve periodontal health of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Socio-demographic backgrounds and other characteristics of the participants at baseline

	Control group (n = 292)	Test group (n = 297)	Total (n = 589)	p-value*
Age (years, mean ± SD)	31.1 ± 4.2	31.2 ± 3.8	31.1 ± 4.0	0.566
Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD)	14.5 ± 4.2	14.3 ± 2.6	14.4 ± 2.6	0.491
Education Level (%)				0.094
Up to junior high school	8.6	11.1	9.8
Senior high school	26.7	19.5	23.1
Tertiary education	64.7	69.4	67.1
Monthly household income (%) **				0.204
HK$19,999 or less	18.6	15.2	16.9
HK$20,000-29,999	21.6	19.6	20.6
HK$30,000-39,999	15.8	21.3	18.6
HK$40,000-59,999	25.4	29.4	27.4
HK$60,000 or more	18.6	14.5	16.5
Dental scheme coverage (%)				0.611
No	61.6	59.6	60.6
Yes	38.4	40.4	40.4
Smoking prior to pregnancy (%)				0.014
No	93.7	98.2	96.0
Yes	6.3	1.8	4.0
Alcohol use prior to pregnancy (%)				0.322
No	81.6	85.1	83.4
Yes	18.4	14.9	16.6
VPI (mean ± SD)(0 ~ 1)	0.20 ± 0.16	0.19 ± 0.16	0.20 ± 0.16	0.588
> 0.5 (%)	6.8	7.2	6.6	0.588
BOP % (mean ± SD)(0 ~ 100%)	59 ± 27	58 ± 26	58 ± 27	0.847
> 50 (%)	74.7	71.4	73.0	0.847
Pocket (%)				0.774
Absence	89.0	87.9	88.4
4-5 mm	9.6	11.1	10.4
6 mm or more	1.4	1.0	1.2

* p-value obtained using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data and X² test for categorical data, the comparison of the distribution of smoking was tested by X² exact test
** The monthly household income information was missing for two enrolled participants

ISSN: 1472-6831