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Table 1 Average value of Candida sp. (CFU/ml) and API and GBI indices (%) during the study for all patients

From: Candida prevalence and oral hygiene due to orthodontic therapy with conventional brackets

 

T0

T1

T2

T3

Differences between stages

Candida colonization [CFU/ml count]

Average ± SD (range)

Median

2.6 × 102 ± 4.3 × 102 (0–1.3 × 103)

0 × 102

5.2 × 102 ± 9.4 × 102 (0–3.0 × 103)

1 × 102

4.7 × 102 ± 7.6 × 102 (0–3.0 × 103)

2 × 102

10.7 × 102 ± 23.1 × 102 (0–8.5 × 103)

1 × 102

p = 0.9092 (Skillings–Mack Statistic)

API value [%]

Average ± SD (range)

Median

40.9 ± 22 (13–94.8)

42.3

43.4 ± 22.6 (13.6–88.2)

38.0

38.3 ± 17.4 (10–66.7)

35.3

39.8 ± 23 (4.5–100)

35.0

p = 0.7968 (Friedman rank sum test; chi-squared)

GBI value [%]

Average ± SD (range)

Median

10.3 ± 9 (0–25)

8.3

9.4 ± 8.8 (0–31.2)

7.5

19.23 ± 24.8 (0–93.8)

11.8

10.6 ± 8.5 (0–29.5)

12.5

p = 0.4929 (Friedman rank sum test; chi-squared)

  1. Legend: API approximal plaque index, GBI gingival bleeding index, SD standard deviation, CFU colony-forming unit