Table 2 Data extracted from the included studies
Reference | Diameter / length (mm) of TISAD†| Magnitude of force(g) | Mesial molar movement (mm) †| Tipping of molar(°) | Vertical change of molar (mm) †| Canine retraction (mm) †| Tipping of canine(°) | Treatment time (mon) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TISAD (Max/Man) | CA (Max/Man) | TISAD (Max/Man) | CA (Max)/(Man) | TISAD (Max/Man) | CA (Max/Man) | TISAD (Max/Man) | CA (Max/Man) | TISAD (Max)/(Man) | CA (Max) /(Man) | TISAD | CA | |||
RCTS | ||||||||||||||
 Davis et al., 2018 [14] | 1.3/8 | 100 | 0.1/0.0625 | 1.3/1.3125 | 0.30/0.19 | 2.45/2.69 | NR/NR | NR/NR | −4.4/−3.5 | −4.2/−3.5 | NR/NR | NR/NR | 4–7 | 4–7 |
 Sharma et al., 2012 [32] | 1.2/8 | 150 | 0/NR | 2.48/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR | NR |
 Gökçe et al., 2012 [33] | 1.6/8 | 100 g | 0/0 | 1.7/1.8 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | − 4.38/− 4.09 | − 3.71/− 3.62 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR | NR |
CCTS | ||||||||||||||
 Borsos et al., 2012 [15] | 4.1/4 | 150(cN) | 1.57/NR | 1.48/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | 9.11 ± 5.70 | 7.08 ± 4.44 |
 Thiruvenkatachari et al., 2006 [38] | 1.3/9 | 100 | 0/0 | 1.6/1.7 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | 4–6 | 4–6 |
 Hedayati et al., 2007 [37] | 2/9(Max) 11(Man) | 180 | 0.58/−0.18 | 2.5/2.55 | NR/NR | NR/NR | −0.330/0 | − 0.950/−1.020 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | 5.4 (4–6.5) | 5.4 (4–6.5) |
 Thiruvenkatachari et al., 2008 [39] | 1.2/9 | 100 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | − 4.2917/− 4.1 | −3.7917/− 3.75 | NR/NR | NR/NR | 4–6 | 4–6 |
 Chaudhary et al., 2014 [40] | 1.2/8 | 120–150 | −0.41/− 0.05 | 1.31/1.03 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR/NR | −6.75/− 4.83 | −6.03/−5.03 | −9.51/−7.88 | − 6.51/− 4.34 | 6–8 | 6–8 |