Table 1 Sample characteristics of subjects of all groups
Sample characteristics | RA-PD (n = 29) | RA (n = 58) | PD (n = 43) | HC (n = 57) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | |||||
Male | 7 (24.1) | 6 (10.3) | 20 (46.5) | 20 (35.1) | < 0.01* |
Female | 22 (75.9) | 52 (89.7) | 23 (53.5) | 37 (64.9) | |
Age group, n (%) | |||||
Below 30 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | 13 (30.2) | 30 (52.6) | < 0.01* |
30–44 | 5 (17.2) | 11 (19.0) | 15 (34.9) | 18 (31.6) | |
45 and above | 24 (82.8) | 46 (79.3) | 15 (34.9) | 9 (15.8) | |
Mean Age (Mean ± SD) | 55.0 ± 9.3 | 54.7 ± 10.6 | 40.0 ± 15.0 | 32.1 ± 12.8 | < 0.01b* |
Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
Malay | 9 (31.0) | 13 (22.4) | 18 (41.9) | 27 (47.4) | 0.191 |
Chinese | 13 (44.8) | 33 (56.9) | 19 (44.2) | 20 (35.1) | |
Indian | 6 (20.7) | 12 (20.7) | 5 (11.6) | 8 (14.0) | |
Others | 1 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (3.5) | |
Education, n (%) | |||||
Primary | 1 (3.4) | 3 (5.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.01* |
Secondary | 20 (69.0) | 23 (39.7) | 14 (32.6) | 8 (14.0) | |
Tertiary | 8 (27.6) | 32 (55.2) | 29 (67.4) | 49 (86.0) | |
Monthly Household Income (in Malaysian Ringgit) | |||||
< 1999 | 5 (17.2) | 9 (15.5) | 12 (27.9) | 15 (26.3) | 0.561 |
2000–4999 | 9 (31.0) | 26 (44.8) | 20 (46.5) | 24 (42.1) | |
5000–9999 | 14 (48.3) | 21 (36.2) | 10 (23.3) | 17 (29.8) | |
> 10,000 | 1 (3.4) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.8) | |
Smoking, n (%) | |||||
Current smoker | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 4 (9.3) | 5 (8.8) | 0.078 |
Former smoker | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.0) | 1 (1.8) | |
Non smoker | 25 (86.2) | 58 (100) | 36 (83.7) | 51 (89.5) | |
Mean duration of RA diagnosis (Mean ± SD) | 9.72 ± 9.30 | 10.67 ± 9.24 | – | – | 0.916 |