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Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for clinically determined and maternally-reported ECC according to maternal schooling, household income, empowerment status and child’s visit to dentist in previous year in children 0–5 years old, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

From: Validation of maternal report of early childhood caries status in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

 

Sensitivity

Specificity

Positive predictive value

Negative predictive value

Child history of dental service utilization

 Never used

4.2

(0.51–14.3)

97.3

(96.1–98.2)

6.7

(0.82–22.1)

95.6

(94.2–96.8)

 Ever used

50.0

(6.8–93.2)

92.2

(81.1–97.8)

33.3

(4.3–77.7)

95.9

(86–99.5)

Mothers’ education level

 Primary/No formal education

12.5

(0.3–52.7)

96.9

(91.1–99.4)

25.0

(0.6–80.6)

93.0

(86.1–97.1)

 Secondary

9.4

(2.0–25.0)

97.6

(96.2–98.6)

15.0

(3.2–37.9)

96.0

(94.3–97.3)

 Tertiary

7.9

(0.2–36.0)

95.2

(92.1–97.3)

6.7

(0.2–31.9)

95.8

(92.9–97.8)

Mothers’ age

 < 30 years

7.7

(0.2–36.0)

96.6

(94.3–98.2)

7.14

(0.18–33.9)

96.9

(94.6–98.4)

 30–39 years

11.4

(3.2–26.7)

97.0

(95.3–98.2)

18.2

(5.2–40.3)

95.0

(92.9–96.5)

 ≥ 40 years

0.0

(0.0–52.2)

97.4

(92.6–99.5)

0.0

(0.0–70.8)

95.8

(90.4–98.6)

Mother’s income

 ≤ N18,000 per month

5.3

(0.1–26.0)

98.4

(96.2–99.5)

16.7

(0.4–64.1)

94.4

(91.3–96.6)

 N18,001–N60,000 per month

4.4

(0.1–21.9)

98.9

(97.4–99.6)

16.7

(0.4–64.1)

95.3

(93.0–97.0)

 > N60,000 per month

27.3

(6.0–61.0)

93.0

(89.8–95.5)

11.1

(2.4–29.2)

97.6

(95.3–98.9)

Mother’s ability to access health care for herself independently

 No

5.4

(0.7–18.2)

99.2

(98.4–99.7)

25.0

(3.2–65.1)

95.8

(94.1–97.0)

 Yes

20.0

(4.3–48.1)

90.3

(86.3–93.4)

9.7

(2.0–25.8)

95.6

(92.4–97.7)

Mother’s ability to make household purchase independently

 No

5.3

(0.6–17.7)

99.3

(98.4–99.7)

25.0

(3.2–65.1)

95.8

(94.2–97.0)

 Yes

25.0

(5.5–57.2)

89.0

(84.5–92.5)

9.7

(2.0–25.8)

96.2

(92.9–98.2)

Mother’s ability to make family visits independently

 No

5.1

(0.6–17.3)

99.3

(98.4–99.7)

25.0

(3.2–65.1)

95.6

(94.0–96.9)

 Yes

23.1

(5.0–53.8)

89.8

(85.5–93.2)

10.0

(2.1–26.5)

96.0

(92.7–98.0)