Skip to main content

Table 1 Recent publications on direct and indirect links between oral microbiota and systemic NCDs

From: The role of the oral microbiota in chronic non-communicable disease and its relevance to the Indigenous health gap in Australia

Publication

Non-oral disease(s) linked to oral microbiota

Proposed mechanism(s)

Infective endocarditis

Kawamata et al. [27] [original research]

Infective endocarditis

Bacteraemia

Cahill and Prendergast [88] [review]

Infective endocarditis

Bacteraemia, colonisation of thrombus following endothelial injury

Colorectal cancer

Flemer et al. [141] [original research]

Colorectal cancer

Colonisation of colorectal tumour, shared risk factors, possibly Western diet

Komiya et al. [95] [original research]

Colorectal cancer

Colonisation of colorectal tumour from origins in the mouth

Abed et al. [96] [original research]

Colorectal cancer

Bacteraemia, colonisation of colorectal tumour via bloodstream

Central nervous system diseases

Ryder [97] [review]

Alzheimer’s disease

Bacteraemia, infiltration of central nervous system, gingipain activity

Ballini et al. [105] [original research]

Central nervous system diseases

Perturbed host tissue homeostasis and immune response, chronic host inflammatory response, carriage of pathogens between body sites by macrophages

Cardiovascular disease

Lockhart et al. [101] [review]

Cardiovascular disease

Shared risk factors, systemic host inflammatory response

Schenkein and Loos [104] [review]

Cardiovascular disease

Systemic host inflammatory response, cross-reactive antibody production, promotion of dyslipidaemia, shared genetic susceptibility factors

Bansal et al. [102] [review]

Cardiovascular disease

Host inflammatory response, direct induction of inflammatory mediators by bacteria or bacterial products

Carrizales-Sepùlveda et al. [19] [review]

Cardiovascular disease

Systemic host inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cross-reactive autoantibody production, shared risk factors

Diabetes mellitus

Lalla and Papapanou [16] [review]

Diabetes

Systemic host inflammatory response, increased proinflammatory cytokine production

Rheumatoid arthritis

Horz and Conrads [142] [review]

Rheumatoid arthritis

Host immune response

Bingham and Moni [22] [review]

Rheumatoid arthritis

Porphyromonas gingivalis enzyme activity, host inflammatory response

Mutiple systemic diseases

Kim and Amar [103] [review]

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, osteoporosis

Direct invasion of host tissues, systemic host inflammatory response, changes in host proinflammatory cytokine and hormone levels, shared risk factors

Borgnakke [98] [review]

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease

Bacteraemia, microbial dysbiosis, host inflammatory response, indirect stimulation of immune response by bacterial products

Guimarães et al. [99] [book chapter]

Diabetes, cardiovascular disease

Bacteraemia, host inflammatory response

Joshipura and Andriankaja 2016 [143] [book chapter]

Cardiometabolic conditions

Common risk factors, host inflammatory response

  1. Representative articles and book chapters published since 2005 are listed, along with the non-oral disease(s) and proposed mechanistic links with the oral microbiota discussed in each publication