Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Dental maturity in children with celiac disease: a case–control study
Variables | Celiac N = 104 n (%) | Control N = 104 n (%) | P value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|
(A) Sociodemographic data | |||
Gender | |||
Girls | 52 (50.0) | 52 (50.0) | 1.000 |
Boys | 52 (50.0) | 52 (50.0) | |
Age categories (years) | |||
6–7 | 17 (16.3) | 16 (15.4) | 0.980 |
8–10 | 33 (31.7) | 33 (31.7) | |
11–14 | 54 (51.9) | 55 (52.9) | |
Child sibling sequence | |||
The first | 22 (21.2) | 27 (26.0) | 0.599 |
In the middle | 62 (59.6) | 55 (52.9) | |
The last | 20 (19.2) | 22 (21.2) | |
Family income | |||
Low | 32 (30.8) | 35 (33.7) | 0.874 |
Middle | 35 (33.7) | 32 (30.8) | |
High | 37 (35.6) | 37 (35.6) | |
Mother education | |||
≤ 12 years | 62 (59.6) | 48 (46.2) | 0.052 |
> 12 years | 42 (40.4) | 56 (53.8) | |
Father education | |||
≤ 12 years | 58 (55.8) | 56 (53.8) | 0.781 |
> 12 years | 46 (44.2) | 48 (46.2) | |
(B) Dietary details | |||
Grains daily intake | |||
Yes | 79 (76.0) | 85 (81.7) | 0.308 |
No | 25 (24.0) | 19 (18.3) | |
Protein daily intake | |||
Yes | 70 (67.3) | 84 (80.8) | 0.027* |
No | 34 (32.7) | 20 (19.2) | |
Dairy daily intake | |||
Yes | 51 (49.0) | 53 (51.0) | 0.782 |
No | 53 (51.0) | 51 (49.0) | |
Vegetable daily intake | |||
Yes | 34 (32.7) | 30 (28.8) | 0.548 |
No | 70(67.3) | 74 (71.2) | |
Fruit daily intake | |||
Yes | 40 (38.5) | 52 (50.0) | 0.094 |
No | 64 (61.5) | 52 (50.0) | |
(C) Growth hormone | |||
Yes | 13 (12.5) | NA | |
No | 91 (87.5) | ||