Table 2 Bivariate analysis of different covariates and DM in months stratified by CD status
From: Dental maturity in children with celiac disease: a case–control study
Variables | Celiac (n = 104) | Controls (n = 104) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM Mean ± SD | 95% CI | P value† | DM Mean ± SD | 95% CI | P value† | |
Gender | ||||||
Boys | − 9.85 ± 8.99 | − 12.35 to − 7.35 | 0.074 | 8.77 ± 9.27 | 6.19–11.35 | 0.038* |
Girls | − 6.02 ± 12.38 | − 9.47 to − 2.57 | 5.22 ± 7.94 | 3.01–7.43 | ||
Age categories (years) | ||||||
6–7 | 5.65a ± 7.66 | 1.71 to 9.59 | < 0.001* | 8.40 ± 4.57 | 5.97–10.83 | 0.745 |
8–10 | − 8.52b ± 7.50 | − 11.18 to − 5.86 | 6.33 ± 9.63 | 2.92–9.75 | ||
11–14 | − 11.85b ± 10.28 | − 14.66 to − 9.05 | 6.98 ± 9.23 | 4.49–9.48 | ||
Child siblings sequence | ||||||
The first | − 9.71 ± 10.31 | − 14.28 to − 5.15 | 0.261 | 6.32 ± 9.73 | 2.47–10.17 | 0.769 |
In the middle | − 8.42 ± 11.22 | − 11.27 to − 5.57 | 7.59 ± 8.74 | 5.23–9.95 | ||
The last | − 4.48 ± 10.48 | − 9.38 to 0.43 | 6.34 ± 7.87 | 2.84–9.83 | ||
Family income | ||||||
Low | − 8.70ab ± 11.17 | − 12.73 to − 4.67 | 0.016* | 5.32 ± 8.90 | 2.26–8.38 | 0.171 |
Middle | − 11.32a ± 9.70 | − 14.66 to − 7.99 | 9.29 ± 5.87 | 7.17–11.40 | ||
High | − 4.07b ± 10.90 | − 7.70 to − 0.43 | 6.59 ± 10.40 | 3.13–10.06 | ||
Mother education | ||||||
≤ 12 years | − 9.73 ± 10.08 | − 12.29 to − 7.17 | 0.042* | 5.78 ± 8.02 | 3.46–8.12 | 0.196 |
> 12 years | − 5.29 ± 11.72 | − 8.94 to − 1.64 | 8.03 ± 9.31 | 5.53–10.52 | ||
Father education | ||||||
≤ 12 years | − 9.24 ± 10.16 | − 11.91 to − 6.57 | 0.174 | 5.84 ± 8.47 | 3.57–8.11 | 0.149 |
> 12 years | − 6.29 ± 11.75 | − 9.78 to − 2.80 | 8.34 ± 9.01 | 5.72–10.95 | ||
Grains daily intake | ||||||
Yes | − 7.71 ± 10.77 | − 10.13 to − 5.30 | 0.717 | 7.45 ± 8.66 | 5.58–9.32 | 0.265 |
No | − 8.63 ± 11.64 | − 13.44 to − 3.82 | 4.96 ± 9.20 | 0.53–9.39 | ||
Protein daily intake | ||||||
Yes | − 7.61 ± 10.33 | − 10.07 to − 5.15 | 0.666 | 6.91 ± 9.03 | 4.95–8.87 | 0.841 |
No | − 8.60 ± 12.23 | − 12.87 to − 4.34 | 7.35 ± 7.79 | 3.71–10.99 | ||
Dairy daily intake | ||||||
Yes | − 7.90 ± 9.95 | − 10.69 to − 5.10 | 0.974 | 7.80 ± 8.74 | 5.39–10.21 | 0.342 |
No | − 7.97 ± 11.91 | − 11.25 to − 4.69 | 6.16 ± 8.81 | 6.68–8.63 | ||
Vegetable daily intake | ||||||
Yes | − 6.94 ± 9.48 | − 10.25 to − 3.63 | 0.520 | 9.66 ± 10.25 | 5.83–13.479 | 0.048* |
No | − 8.42 ± 11.62 | − 11.19 to − 5.65 | 5.94 ± 7.92 | 4.08–7.75 | ||
Fruit daily intake | ||||||
Yes | − 5.58 ± 11.13 | − 9.14 to − 2.02 | 0.082 | 8.05 ± 8.76 | 5.61–10.49 | 0.223 |
No | − 9.41 ± 10.64 | − 12.07 to − 6.75 | 5.94 ± 8.74 | 3.61–8.38 | ||
Growth hormone | ||||||
Yes | 5.64 ± 9.36 | 0.04–11.4 | 0.783 | NA | ||
No | 6.48 ± 10.44 | 4.32–8.76 | ||||