Dependent variable: Tooth loss (absence = 0, presence = 1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95%CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p value | |
Patient-level variables | ||||
Age (years) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 |
Number of teeth | 0.88 (0.87–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | < 0.001 |
Number of decayed teeth | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 0.011 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 0.253 |
Mean PPD (mm) | 1.76 (1.58–1.96) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.26–1.68) | < 0.001 |
BOP (%) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.917 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.70 (0.58–0.84) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (0.92–1.60) | 0.177 |
Smoking | ||||
Never | 1 | 1 | ||
Past | 1.60 (1.31–1.97) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.19–2.01) | 0.001 |
Current | 1.66 (1.22–2.27) | 0.001 | 1.67 (1.13–2.47) | 0.011 |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.67 (1.19–2.34) | 0.003 | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 0.727 |
Tooth brushing frequency (times per day) | ||||
≥ 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
2 | 1.37 (1.12–1.66) | 0.002 | 1.09 (0.87–1.35) | 0.456 |
≤ 1 | 1.78 (1.34–2.37) | < 0.001 | 1.11 (0.81–1.53) | 0.525 |
Use of secondary oral hygiene productsa | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 1.16 (0.95–1.41) | 0.149 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.134 |
Bleeding during tooth brushing | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.57 (1.31–1.87) | < 0.001 | 1.51 (1.23–1.85) | < 0.001 |
Eating between meals | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) | 0.001 | 0.77 (0.58–1.02) | 0.067 |
Everyday | 0.57 (0.43–0.75) | < 0.001 | 0.75 (0.53–1.05) | 0.094 |
Reason for dental visit | ||||
Treatment | 1 | 1 | ||
Both treatment and maintenance | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.044 | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) | 0.038 |
Maintenance | 0.43 (0.35–0.52) | < 0.001 | 0.57 (0.45–0.71) | < 0.001 |
Education level (years) | ||||
≥ 13 | 1 | 1 | ||
≤ 12 | 0.62 (0.52–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 0.643 |
Economic status | ||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||
Middle | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 0.820 | 0.98 (0.75–1.29) | 0.881 |
High | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) | 0.639 | 1.11 (0.76–1.63) | 0.582 |
Working status | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 1.89 (1.58–2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (0.93–1.50) | 0.180 |
Clinic-level variables | ||||
Age of dental clinic director | ||||
30s or 40s | 1 | 1 | ||
50s | 1.37 (1.11–1.68) | 0.003 | 1.28 (1.00–1.64) | 0.052 |
60s or over | 1.43 (1.09–1.86) | 0.009 | 1.28 (0.93–1.75) | 0.126 |
Gender of dental clinic director | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.84 (0.57–1.22) | 0.350 | 0.73 (0.48–1.14) | 0.164 |
Number of dental hygienists | ||||
0 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–3 | 0.92 (0.73–1.16) | 0.470 | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.922 |
≥ 4 | 0.62 (0.45–0.85) | 0.003 | 0.68 (0.50–0.99) | 0.047 |
Time for oral health instruction (min) | ||||
0 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–9 | 0.97 (0.75–1.27) | 0.850 | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) | 0.861 |
10–19 | 0.75 (0.57–0.99) | 0.039 | 0.79 (0.57–1.08) | 0.140 |
≥ 20 | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | 0.006 | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) | 0.028 |