Table 1 Bivariate association between maternal characteristics and caries in mother and child (N = 1549)
Variables (number) | Caries prevalence | Test of association (p value)* | Maternal mean DMFT | Child mean dmft | Test of association (p value)** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal (N = 51) | Child (N = 66) | |||||||
N | % | N | % | |||||
Age | ||||||||
 ≤ 24 years (129) | 4 | 7.8 | 4 | 3.1 | 0.094 (0.699) | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.529 (0.746) |
 25–34 years (919) | 32 | 3.5 | 38 | 4.1 | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||
 35–44 years (459) | 11 | 2.4 | 21 | 4.6 | 0.07 | 0.13 | ||
 ≥ 45 years (42) | 4 | 9.5 | 3 | 7.1 | 0.19 | 0.29 | ||
Education status | ||||||||
 None (23) | 2 | 8.7 | 1 | 4.4 | 0.134 (0.492) | 0.83 | 0.22 | 0.001 (0.172) |
 Primary only (115) | 6 | 5.2 | 8 | 7.0 | 0.16 | 0.30 | ||
 Secondary only (977) | 34 | 3.5 | 41 | 4.2 | 0.09 | 0.13 | ||
 Above secondary (434) | 9 | 2.1 | 16 | 3.7 | 0.06 | 0.09 | ||
Income status | ||||||||
 > 18,000 per month (422) | 17 | 4.0 | 20 | 4.7 | 0.494 (0.470) | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.318 (0.765) |
 18,000–30,000 per month (665) | 17 | 2.6 | 32 | 4.8 | 0.06 | 0.13 | ||
 30,001–60,000 per month (417) | 16 | 3.8 | 13 | 3.1 | 0.14 | 0.10 | ||
 > 60,000 per month (45) | 1 | 2.2 | 1 | 2.2 | 0.07 | 0.09 | ||
Decision-making status | ||||||||
 Someone else decides on access to health care |  |  |  |  | 0.440 (0.353) |  |  | 0.201 (0.371) |
  No | 36 | 3.1 | 46 | 4.0 | 0.09 | 0.12 | ||
  Yes (394) | 15 | 3.8 | 20 | 5.1 | 0.14 | 0.17 | ||
 Someone else decides on household purchases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 39 | 3.2 | 49 | 4.0 | 0.624 (0.309) | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.085 (0.289) |
  Yes (322) | 12 | 3.7 | 17 | 5.3 | 0.16 | 0.18 | ||
 Someone else decides on visits to family/relatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 39 | 3.2 | 50 | 4.1 | 0.737 (0.598) | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.179 (0.887) |
  Yes (335) | 12 | 3.4 | 16 | 4.8 | 0.15 | 0.13 | ||
General anxiety | ||||||||
 Normal (1238) | 38 | 3.1 | 55 | 4.4 | 0.416 (0.750) | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.801 (0.670) |
 Mild (243) | 9 | 3.7 | 9 | 3.7 | 0.12 | 0.10 | ||
 Moderate (68) | 4 | 5.9 | 2 | 2.9 | 0.13 | 0.06 | ||
Dental anxiety | ||||||||
 Low (1400) | 46 | 3.3 | 60 | 4.3 | 0.964 (0.882) | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.656 (0.806) |
 High (149) | 5 | 3.4 | 6 | 4.0 | 0.07 | 0.11 | ||
Parenting stress | ||||||||
 Normal (1184) | 34 | 2.9 | 52 | 4.4 | 0.198 (0.438) | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.937 (0.642) |
 Borderline (36) | 1 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0 | ||
 High (329) | 16 | 4.9 | 14 | 4.3 | 0.10 | 0.12 | ||
Sense of coherence | ||||||||
 Low (866) | 28 | 3.9 | 34 | 4.8 | 0.206 (0.378) | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0..048 (0.171) |
 High (683) | 23 | 2.8 | 32 | 3.8 | 0.06 | 0.10 | ||
Fatalism | ||||||||
 Low (672) | 32 | 4.8 | 37 | 5.5 | 0.005 (0.034) | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.010 (0.254) |
 High (877) | 19 | 2.2 | 29 | 3.3 | 0.06 | 0.11 | ||
Social support | ||||||||
 Low (30) | 2 | 6.7 | 3 | 10.0 | 0.202 (0.285) | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.065 (0.978) |
 Moderate (1264) | 37 | 2.9 | 53 | 4.2 | 0.08 | 0.13 | ||
 High (255) | 12 | 4.7 | 10 | 3.9 | 0.16 | 0.13 | ||
Depressive symptoms | ||||||||
 Normal (1175) | 40 | 3.4 | 51 | 4.3 | 0.908 (0.657) | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.936 (0.976) |
 Mild-moderate (207) | 6 | 2.9 | 10 | 4.8 | 0.10 | 0.13 | ||
 Major (167) | 5 | 3.0 | 5 | 3.0 | 0.12 | 0.12 |  | |
Executive dysfunction | ||||||||
 Low (866) | 25 | 2.9 | 32 | 3.7 | 0.314 (0.215) | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0..232 (0.133) |
 High (683) | 26 | 3.8 | 34 | 5.0 | 0.13 | 0.17 | ||