Fig. 3

Cellular morphologies and odonto/osteoblast-specific gene expression levels of differentiated odonto/osteoblasts from four types of dental stem cells. a odonto/osteoblasts were induced from DPSCs, SCAP, DFSCs, and PDLSCs showed mineral matrix formation (scale bar = 100 µm). b Expression of odonto/osteoblast specific genes (ALP, DMP-1, and DSPP) was highest in odonto/osteoblasts from DPSCs. Data are represented by the mean ± SD of four independent experiments. Lettered subscripts indicate statistical differences between groups (p < 0.05)