Effect of educational intervention on the appropriate use of oral antimicrobials in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a retrospective secondary data analysis

Table 1 DOTs per 1000 patient-days of oral antibiotics in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

	Outpatients		Inpatients
	2013	2018	2013	2018
First- and second-generation cephalosporins^a	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
Third-generation cephalosporins^b	218 (197, 233)	2.5 (1.4, 3.3)ⁱ	170 (142, 199)	0 (0, 0)ⁱ
Macrolides	169 (158, 179)	70.8 (60.2, 81.4)ⁱ	59.4 (47.6, 73.8)	28.3 (11.6, 32.9)ⁱ
Short-acting^c	0 (0, 0)		0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 49.4)^j
Medium-acting^d	138 (125, 162)	0 (0, 0)	41.9(19.2, 49.6)	0 (0, 5.0)ⁱ
Long-acting^ee	27.2 (19.5, 37.0)	52.9 (41.0, 68.7)ⁱ	18.8 (17.6, 25.6)	10.5 (5.5, 19.1)ⁱ
Quinolones	57.0 (41.7, 80.9)	15.9 (14.0, 19.4)ⁱ	21.4 (13.3, 32.5)	24.5 (14.6, 32.9)
Second-generation^f	9.4 (8.1, 16.9)	35.6 (28.6, 40.8)ⁱ	16.6 (7.9, 32.5)	0 (0, 1.9)ⁱ
Third-generation^g	47.7 (34.1, 68.8)	7.3 (4.4, 10.2)	0 (0, 0)	19.5 (14.6, 28.2)^j
Penicillins	25.3 (18.9, 32.3)	24.9 (23.5, 32.5)ⁱ	7.1 (6.0, 12.7)	115 (79.8, 118)^j
Amoxicillin	25.3 (18.9, 32.3)	185 (170, 195)^j	7.1 (6.0, 12.7)	103 (74.7, 116)
Clavulanate/amoxicillin	0 (0, 0)	181 (168, 195)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 12.7)
Clindamycin	0 (0, 1.5)	0.8 (0, 7.0)	0 (0, 0)	13.4 (10.5, 19.4)^j
Tetracyclines^h	0 (0, 0)	2.5 (0. 5.1)	0 (0, 1.1)	0 (0, 4.6)
Metronidazole	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 2.0)^j	0 (0, 0)	12.6 (0, 18.9)^j
Fosfomycin	0 (0, 0)	5.1 (0, 13.9)^j	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)
Others		0 (0, 0)
Sulfamethoxazole/	0 (0, 0)		0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 5.1)
Trimethoprim		0 (0, 0)
Total	464 (451, 502)	310 (282, 345)ⁱ	278 (227, 319)	211 (176, 250)ⁱ

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