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Table 2 Risk of bias assessment using JBI’s critical appraisal tools for cross sectional studies

From: Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Items for critical appraisal

Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?

Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?

Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?

Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?

Were confounding factors identified?

Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?

Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?

Was appropriate statistical analysis used?

Overall appraisal

Quality of the evidence

studies

yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Yes

No

Unclear

Not applicable

Rooban et al. [48]

√

   

√

    

√

  

√

   

√

    

√

  

√

   

√

   

Included

moderate

Reece [49]

√

   

√

   

√

   

√

    

√

  

√

   

√

    

√

  

Included

High

Kayal et al. [50]

√

   

√

   

√

   

√

    

√

   

√

  

√

    

√

  

Included

moderate

D’Amore et al. [51]

√

   

√

   

√

   

√

   

√

    

√

  

√

    

√

   

High

Gupta et al. [52]

√

   

√

   

√

   

√

    

√

    

√

   

√

  

√

   

moderate