Items for critical appraisal | Were the groups comparable other than the presence of disease in cases or the absence of disease in controls? | Were cases and controls matched appropriately? | Were the same criteria used for identification of cases and controls? | Was exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? | Was exposure measured in the same way for cases and controls? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were outcomes assessed in a standard, valid and reliable way for cases and controls? | Was the exposure period of interest long enough to be meaningful? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Overall appraisal | Quality of the evidence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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studies | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | Yes | No | Unclear | Not applicable | ||
Morio et al. [27] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shetty et al. [54] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rommel et al. [55] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | Included | High | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nives Protrka et al. [24] | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | included | moderate |