Table 7 Estimated association of the GOHAI-SPM with SPOH and clinical and sociodemographic variables

Sex

Man

45.6 ± 9.4

Woman

40.9 ± 9.8

−5.68 (−9.05 to −2.32)

p = 0.001*

2.40 (1.37 to 3.44)

p < 0.001*

Age

55 to 75 years

43.6 ± 9.8

0.15 (−0.15 to 0.45)

p = 0.313

−0.04 (− 0.13 to 0.05)

p = 0.422

Marital status

Single

36.8 ± 10.9

Married

44.8 ± 9.2

2.83 (−2.78 to 8.44)

p = 0.319

−0.65 (−2.37 to 1.08)

p = 0.457

Divorced

41.9 ± 10.8

6.67 (0.30 to 13.04)

p = 0.040*

−2.25 (−4.20 to −0.29)

p = 0.025*

Educational level

University

46.3 ± 11.4

Secondary education

45.1 ± 8.2

−3.51 (−7.35 to 0.34)

p = 0.073

1.40 (0.21 to 2.58)

p = 0.021

Primary education

41.2 ± 10.0

−6.89 (−10.65 to −3.14)

p < 0.001*

2.37 (1.21 to 3.53)

p < 0.001*

Smoker

Yes

38.4 ± 12.5

Ex-smoker 0–1 year

43.0 ± 7.2

−0.60 (−9.00 to 7.80)

p = 0.887

1.47 (− 1.11 to 4.05)

p = 0.261

Ex-smoker 1–5 years

47.0 ± 13.0

7.49 (−1.40 to 16.38)

p = 0.097

−2.63 (−5.36 to 0.10)

p = 0.059

Ex-smoker > 5 years

44.8 ± 8.6

4.91 (0.27 to 9.56)

p = 0.038*

−1.37 (−2.80 to 0.06)

p = 0.060

Never smoked

44.3 ± 9.6

4.82 (−0.07 to 9.70)

p = 0.053

−1.38 (−2.88 to 0.12)

p = 0.071

Self-perceived oral health

Excellent-Very good

56.1 ± 3.3

Good

47.2 ± 7.8

−9.05 (−14.63 to −3.47)

p = 0.002*

2.68 (0.97 to 4.40)

p = 0.003*

Enough-Poor

39.6 ± 8.4

−14.91 (−20.33 to −9.49)

p < 0.001*

4.75 (3.08 to 6.41)

p < 0.001*

Number of teeth

0–12 teeth

34.7 ± 10.1

13–32 teeth

46.2 ± 8.1

8.95 (4.68 to 13.23)

p < 0.001*

−2.83 (−4.14 to −1.51)

p < 0.001*

Periodontal disease

Yes

41.2 ± 10.8

No

46.4 ± 8.3

0.05 (−3.17 to 3.27)

p = 0.976

0.07 (−0.92 to 1.06)

p = 0.893