From: Structural equation model for parental influence on children’s oral health practice and status
Latent variable | Observed variable | Abbreviation | |
---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic status (SES) | Education level a | edu | 1 = Primary 2 = Secondary 3 = Post-secondary and Tertiary |
Family income per month a | income | 1 = <HKD10,000 2 = HKD10,000-HKD20,000 3= > HKD20,000 | |
Oral health knowledge and attitude (OHKA) | Oral health knowledge score b | know | Ranged from 0 to 12 |
Oral health attitude score b | atti | Ranged from 0 to 8 | |
Parents’ oral health knowledge and attitude towards children (POHKA) | Knowledge to deal with child’s oral problem a | knowledge | 0 = Incorrect 1 = Correct |
Oral health attitude score b | attitude | Ranged from 0 to 4 | |
Parents’ oral health behaviors (OHB) | Tooth brushing frequency per day a | brush | 0 = Less than twice a day 1 = Twice a day or more |
Daily use of dental floss a | floss | 0 = No, 1 = Yes | |
Regular dental visit a | checkup | 0 = Irregular, 1 = Regular | |
Children’s oral health behaviors (COHB) | Tooth brushing frequency per day a | Cbrush | 0 = Less than twice a day 1 = Twice a day or more |
Daily use of dental floss a | Cfloss | 0 = No, 1 = Yes | |
Regular dental visit a | Ccheckup | 0 = Irregular, 1 = Regular | |
Parents’ oral health status (OHS) | Number of decayed teeth b | DT | |
Presence of periodontal pocket a | 0 = Absence of periodontal pocket 1 = Presence | ||
Visual plaque index b | VPI | Ranged from 0 to 100% | |
Children’s oral health status (COHS) | Number of decayed teeth b | dt | |
Gingival bleeding index b | GBI | Ranged from 0 to 100% | |
Visual plaque index b | CVPI | Ranged from 0 to 100% | |
Lifestyle | Daily smoker or not a | smoke | 0 = No smoking, 1 = Smoking |