Table 1 Variations in vertical, L- and T-loops, and their range and intervals
Variations | Vertical loop | L-loop | T-loop |
|---|---|---|---|
Loop height | 3–10 mm at a 1-mm interval | 3–10 mm at a 1-mm interval | 3–10 mm at a 1-mm interval |
Ring radius | 0.5–4 mm at a 0.5-mm interval | 0.5–4 mm at a 0.5-mm interval | 0.5–4 mm at a 0.5-mm interval |
Leg length | 2–10 mm at a 2-mm interval | 2–10 mm at a 2-mm interval | 2–10 mm at a 2-mm interval |
Leg step distance | 0–2 mm at a 0.5-mm interval | 0–2 mm at a 0.5-mm interval | 0–2 mm at a 0.5-mm interval |
Legs distance | – | 1–3 mm at a 0.5-mm interval | 1–3 mm at a 0.5-mm interval |
Upper length | – | 4–10 mm at a 2-mm interval | 4–10 mm at a 2-mm interval |
Elastic modulus | 66 GPa [20] | 66 GPa [20] | 66 GPa [20] |
69 GPa [21] | 69 GPa [21] | 69 GPa [21] | |
90 GPa [22] | 90 GPa [22] | 90 GPa [22] | |
157.6 GPa [17] | 157.6 GPa [17] | 157.6 GPa [17] | |
168 GPa [20] | 168 GPa [20] | 168 GPa [20] | |
200 GPa [23] | 200 GPa [23] | 200 GPa [23] | |
Cross-section | 0.016″ × 0.022″ [24] | 0.016″ × 0.022″ [24] | 0.016″ × 0.022″ [24] |
0.017″ × 0.025″ [24] | 0.017″ × 0.025″ [24] | 0.017″ × 0.025″ [24] | |
0.018″ × 0.025″ [24] | 0.018″ × 0.025″ [24] | 0.018″ × 0.025″ [24] | |
0.019″ × 0.025″ [25] | 0.019″ × 0.025″ [25] | 0.019″ × 0.025″ [25] | |
Activation force | 1–3 N at a 0.5-N interval | 1–3 N at a 0.5-N interval | 1–3 N at a 0.5-N interval |