Prioritization of predisposing factors of gingival hyperplasia during orthodontic treatment: the role of amount of biofilm

Table 3 Bivariate relationships between covariates and gingival status

Variables	Presence of gingival overgrowth (n)		p
Variables	Yes	No	p
Sex
Girls	55	70	0.035
Boys	41	27	0.035
Age
9–13	11	3	0.18
13–19	56	39
> 20	29	55
Ethnicity
Caucasian	50	54	0.56
Maghreb	34	29
African	12	12
Asian people	0	2
General health problem
None	81	86	0.41
Not related to oral health	8	4
Related to oral health	8	6
Mouth breathing
Yes	82	71	0.04
No	14	26	0.04
Presence of plaque
None	5	19	0.004
Little	31	36
Visible	47	37
Large amount	13	5
Frequence of brushing
At least twice a day	87	89	0.89
Once a day or less	9	8	0.89
Periodontal phenotype
Thick	36	23	0.043
Thin	60	74	0.043
Type of bracket
Metal	90	80	0.021
Ceramic	6	17	0.021
Orthodontic arch
With nickel	26	35	0.18
Without nickel	70	62	0.18
Type of ligature
Elastomerics	63	45	0.0071
Metal or self-ligating	33	52	0.0071
Duration of treatment
Less than 1 year	53	42	0.022
Between 1 and 2 years	47	20
More than 2 years	25	6

ISSN: 1472-6831