Dental caries in association with viral load in children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: a cross‐sectional study

Table 2 Association between dental caries and viral detection (> 40 copies/mL)

Variable	Unadjested analysis^a			Adjusted analysis
	Unadjested analysis^a			Viral non-suppression status among children who had permanent teeth (n = 305)			Viral non-suppression status among children who had deciduous teeth (n = 188)			Viral non-suppression status among all children (n = 328)
	Unadjusted OR^b	95% CI^c		Adjusted OR	95% CI		Adjusted OR	95% CI		Adjusted OR	95% CI
Dental caries status
DMFT^d	1.02	0.96	1.10	1.02	0.94	1.10	–	–	–	–	–	–
dmft^e	1.06	0.99	1.12	–	–	–	1.10	1.01	1.19*	–	–	–
DMFT/dmft	1.07	1.02	1.12**	–	–	–	–	–	–	1.07	1.01	1.14*
Sex
Female	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
Male	1.26	0.79	2.01	1.35	0.80	2.37	1.67	0.86	3.24	1.39	0.84	2.29
Age (years)^f
3–10	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
11–15	0.80	0.50	1.29	0.91	0.49	1.66	2.11	0.94	4.77	1.03	0.59	1.82
Duration of ART^g (years)^h
< 1	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
≥ 1	0.19	0.08	0.43**	0.18	0.07	0.45**	0.19	0.07	0.57**	0.22	0.09	0.52*
Adherence to antiretroviral drugs in the past 30 days
Poor/fair	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–	Ref.	–	–
Good	0.63	0.28	1.43	0.51	0.22	1.18	0.79	0.21	3.02	0.56	0.24	1.31
Very good	0.79	0.33	1.92	0.64	0.26	1.61	0.83	0.20	3.43	0.63	0.25	1.58
Excellent	0.24	0.08	0.70*	0.21	0.07	0.65**	0.21	0.04	0.97*	0.16	0.05	0.51**

^aViral load was a binary variable (detected or undetected)
^bOR, odds ratio
^cCI, confidence interval
^dDMFT, decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth
^edmft, decayed, missing, or filled deciduous teeth
^fThe cut-off was set as 10 years old (median of mixed dentition)
^gART, antiretroviral therapy
^hThe cut-off was set as 1-year (most likely period attaining viral RNA thresholds in low- and middle-income countries [32])
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

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