Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors and year

Total

MB

NB

Age (range)

Exposure

Image examination

Type of study

Parameters

Franco, 2015 [22]

226

113

113

3–10

Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNB, ANB, SNGoGn

Mattar, 2011 [16]

73

44

29

3–6

Tonsil hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, ANB, SNGoGn,SN-PP,PP-MP

Franco, 2013 [23]

110

55

55

3–10

Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNGoGn

Juliano, 2009 [24]

142

52

90

7–14

OSAS

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H

Juliano, 2009 [25]

27

15

12

7–14

Adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H

Juliano, 2013 [26]

144

52

92

7–14

OSAS

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, SPAS, PAS, C3-H

D’Ascanio, 2010 [11]

196

98

98

7–12

Adenoids/tonsil hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB,SN-PP,PP-MP,Overjet, Overbite

Agostinho, 2015 [27]

70

35

35

5–14

Chronic allergic rhiniti

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, Overjet, Overbite,1-NA, 1.NA, 1.NB, 1-NB

Muñoz, 2014 [14]

118

53

65

6–12

NA

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNA, SNB, SNGoGn, SN-OP, 1.NA, 1.NB

Souki, 2012 [28]

252

126

126

2–10

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Cephalogram

Clinical controlled trial

SNB, ANB, SNGoGn

  1. MB mouth breathing, NB nasal breathing, NA not available, OSAS obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, Exposure the factors of mouth breathing