Quality assessment | No of patients | Effect | Quality | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No of studies | Design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Mouth breathing | Nasal breathing | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute | |
SN-OP (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 3.2 higher (2.44 to 3.97 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
SNA (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
5 | Observational studies | seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 215 | 315 | – | MD 1.61 lower (2.3 to 0.91 lower) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
SNB (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
6 | Observational studies | seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 328 | 428 | – | MD 1.92 lower (2.74 to 1.1 lower) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
ANB (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
5 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 276 | 336 | – | MD 0.79 higher (0.1 to 1.49 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
SNGoGn (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
7 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 383 | 483 | – | MD 4.46 higher (3.52 to 5.39 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
1-NA (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 0.72 higher (0.23 to 1.2 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
1.NA (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 1.98 higher (0.3 to 3.66 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ low |
1-NB (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
3 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 156 | 274 | - | MD 1.06 higher (0.55 to 1.57 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
1.NB (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 0.41 higher (1.23 lower to 2.04 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
SPAS (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
3 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 156 | 274 | – | MD 5.23 lower (5.95 to 4.51 lower) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
SN-PP (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
2 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 147 | 127 | – | MD 0.68 higher (0.21 to 1.15 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
PAS (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 2.11 lower (2.9 to 1.32 lower) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
PP-MP (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
2 | Observational studies | No serious risk of biasa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 142 | 127 | – | MD 4.92 higher (4.1 to 5.74 higher) | ⊕⊕⊕◯◯ Moderate |
Overjet (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
2 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 133 | 133 | – | MD 0.23 higher (1.39 to 1.84 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
C3-H (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 1.34 lower (1.96 to 0.72 lower) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
Overbite (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
2 | Observational studies | Seriousa | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1 a | 133 | 133 | – | MD 1.19 lower (3.24 lower to 0.85 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
MP-H (Better indicated by lower values) | |||||||||||
4 | Observational studies | Serious a | No serious inconsistency | No serious indirectness | No serious imprecision | Reduced effect for RR >  > 1 or RR <  < 1a | 171 | 286 | – | MD 0.49 higher (0.64 lower to 1.61 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |