Table 5 Association of dental behaviours, diet and dental anxiety with D_AVMFS and D_2VMFS in 15-year-olds^a

Sex

Male

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Female

1.19

[1.05, 1.35]

1.24

[1.02, 1.50]*

1.36

[1.17, 1.58]

1.32

[1.01, 1.72]*

Free school meal eligibility

Not eligible for free school meals

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Eligible for free school meals

1.49

[1.29, 1.73]**

1.14

[0.87, 1.48]

1.68

[1.40, 2.01]***

1.22

[0.94, 1.59]

Region

London

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

South East

1.17

[0.82, 1.68]

1.18

[0.73, 1.91]

0.90

[0.58, 1.40]

1.27

[0.63, 2.55]

East of England

0.88

[0.61, 1.27]

1.62

[0.60, 4.35]

0.59

[0.37, 0.93]

1.32

[0.50, 3.49]

West Midlands

0.96

[0.68, 1.37]

1.53

[0.79, 2.97]

0.96

[0.63, 1.48]

1.58

[0.87, 2.88]

East Midlands

2.04

[1.39, 2.99]

2.19

[1.38, 3.47]***

1.59

[0.99, 2.54]

1.57

[0.91, 2.69]

Yorkshire and the Humber

1.25

[0.87, 1.77]

2.43

[1.18, 5.03]*

0.83

[0.54, 1.29]

1.90

[0.95, 3.80]

North East

1.66

[1.20, 2.31]

2.58

[1.51, 4.42]***

1.56

[1.05, 2.33]

2.97

[1.71, 5.18]***

South West

1.31

[0.89, 1.93]

2.63

[1.09, 6.32]*

1.04

[0.65, 1.68]

2.28

[1.11, 4.66]*

Wales

1.73

[1.31, 2.29]**

2.79

[1.79, 4.36]***

1.59

[1.13, 2.23]*

2.74

[1.64, 4.57]***

North West

2.44

[1.78, 3.34]***

2.91

[1.97, 4.29]***

1.81

[1.23, 2.66]

1.91

[1.16, 3.14]**

Northern Ireland

2.48

[1.87, 3.27]***

3.63

[2.33, 5.67]***

2.76

[1.96, 3.87]***

4.42

[2.67, 7.31]***

School type

Independent school

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Academy or free school

2.19

[1.54, 3.11]*

1.84

[0.87, 3.90]

3.43

[2.16, 5.44]***

2.04

[1.21, 3.47]**

Secondary school

3.41

[2.45, 4.75]**

2.13

[0.99, 4.59]*

6.40

[4.13, 9.92]***

2.38

[1.36, 4.15]**

Index of multiple deprivation quintile

80–100% Least deprived quintile

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

60–80%

1.25

[0.98, 1.61]

1.41

[0.91, 2.17]

1.19

[0.87, 1.62]

1.58

[1.02, 2.44]*

40–60%

1.33

[1.04, 1.70]

1.43

[0.87, 2.34]

1.55

[1.14, 2.09]

1.71

[1.01, 2.90]*

20–40%

1.52

[1.21, 1.92]*

1.38

[0.96, 1.99]

1.69

[1.27, 2.26]*

1.72

[1.21, 2.44]**

0–20% Most deprived quintile

1.93

[1.55, 2.39]*

1.55

[0.98, 2.44]

2.20

[1.69, 2.88]**

2.11

[1.30, 3.42]**

Ethnicity

White

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Non-white

0.79

[0.67, 0.93]

1.01

[0.73, 1.38]

0.70

[0.57, 0.86]

0.85

[0.60, 1.21]

Frequency of brushing teeth

Twice a day or more

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Once a day or less

1.36

[1.07, 1.73]**

1.26

[1.01, 1.56]*

1.40

[0.99, 1.97]*

1.20

[0.91, 1.60]

Frequency of sugar intake

Less than four times a day

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Four or more times a day

1.57

[1.22, 2.03]***

1.42

[1.13, 1.78]**

1.75

[1.36, 2.24]***

1.54

[1.20, 1.99]***

Usual dental attendance^c

Regular

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Irregular/none

1.82

[1.54, 2.15]***

2.18

[1.58, 3.00]***

2.05

[1.67, 2.52]***

2.75

[1.95, 3.87]***

Self-rated dental anxiety score MDAS grouping

Low/no anxiety (score 5–9)

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

1.00

[Reference]

Moderate anxiety (score 10–18)

0.93

[0.82, 1.07]***

0.73

[0.60, 0.89]**

0.87

[0.74, 1.02]***

0.68

[0.53, 0.87]**

Extreme anxiety (score 19–25)

1.28

[1.05, 1.57]

0.99

[0.76, 1.30]

1.39

[1.09, 1.79]

1.06

[0.77, 1.46]