Table 4 Association between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and individual and familial factors in bivariate analysis (N = 1472)
Variables | Normal and mild gingivitis | Moderate and severe | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | ||
Sex | |||
Male | 769 (57.1) | 77 (61.6) | 0.33 |
Female | 577 (42.9) | 48 (38.4) | Â |
Age | |||
Mean (SD) | 14.53 (2.61) | 14.74 (2.57) | 0.41 |
Perception of oral health | |||
Mean (SD) | 19.07 (8.63) | 18.70 (8.00) | 0.65 |
Tooth brushing | |||
Once a day or less | 1227 (91.6) | 110 (88.0) | 0.18 |
Twice a day or more | 113 (8.4) | 15 (12.0) | Â |
Use of fluoridated toothpaste | |||
Always | 1223 (91.3) | 119 (96.0) | 0.07 |
Not always | 116 (8.7) | 5 (4.0) | Â |
Consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals | |||
Frequent sugar consumption | 840 (652) | 60 (50.8) | 0.002a |
Non-frequent sugar consumption | 449 (34.8) | 58 (49.2) | Â |
Daily use of dental floss | |||
Yes | 922 (84.2) | 79 (80.6) | 0.35 |
No | 173 (15.8) | 19 (19.4) | Â |
Dental service utilization in the last 12Â months | |||
Yes | 11 (0.9) | 3 (2.6) | 0.10 |
No | 1153 (99.1) | 112 (97.4) | Â |
Cigarette smoking | |||
Current | 20 (1.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.70 |
Former | 8 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | Â |
Non-smoker | 1259 (97.8) | 105 (98.1) | Â |
Plaque index | |||
Mean (SD) | 1.57 (0.54) | 0.77 (0.51) |  < 0.0001a |
Birth position | |||
First/only child | 515 (38.3) | 54 (43.2) | 0.28 |
Second or more child | 831 (61.7) | 71 (56.8) | Â |
Family size | |||
Less than 6 | 258 (19.2) | 30 (24.0) | 0.19 |
6 or more | 1088 (80.8) | 95 (76.0) | Â |
Living arrangement | |||
Living with both parents | 1103 (81.9) | 96 (76.8) | 0.16 |
Not living with both parents | 243 (18.1) | 29 (23.2) | Â |
Socioeconomic status | |||
High | 448 (33.3) | 42 (33.6) | 0.65 |
Middle | 470 (34.9) | 39 (31.2) | Â |
Low | 428 (31.8) | 44 (35.2) | Â |