Table 5 Association between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and personal and familial factors in regression analysis

Male versus female

1.21 (0.73, 2.02)

1.19 (0.82, 1.74)

1.21 (0.72, 2.03)

Age

0.99 (0.90, 1.10)

1.03 (0.95, 1.10)

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

Oral health perception

1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

–

1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

Twice or more daily tooth- brushing versus less than twice a day

0.92 (0.42, 2.01)

–

0.95 (0.43, 2.10)

Always using fluoridated toothpaste versus not always using fluoridated toothpaste

0.47 (0.15, 1.43)

–

0.44 (0.14, 1.38)

Frequent versus non-frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between meals

2.29 (1.35, 3.88)^a

–

2.33 (1.36, 3.99)^a

Daily use of dental floss versus non-daily use of dental floss

0.97 (0.50, 1.90)

–

0.99 (0.50, 1.96)

Plaque index

16.55 (10.13, 27.04)^a

–

16.24 (9.83, 26.82)^a

First/only child versus second or more birth rank

–

0.74 (0.51, 1.09)

0.81 (0.48, 1.39)

Less than 6 versus 6 or more family size

–

0.70 (0.45, 1.10)

0.68 (0.36, 1.27)

Living with both parents versus not living with both parents

–

1.36 (0.87, 2.12)

0.77 (0.40, 1.48)

High versus low socioeconomic status

–

0.92 (0.58, 1.46)

0.92 (0.47, 1.77)

Middle versus low socioeconomic status

–

0.80 (0.51, 1.26)

0.92 (0.50, 1.70)

LL

455.45

847.49

452.67