Fig. 1From: Influence of scaler tip design on root surface roughness, tooth substance loss and patients’ pain perception: an in vitro and a randomised clinical trialDiagram showing tooth preparation. a The mesial view of an incisor sectioned indicated by dotted line. An area of 3 mm × 5 mm area was marked apical to CEJ for roughness assessment, as indicated by R. Scaling was performed at R. b The cross-sectional view of the incisor tooth showing two reference points marked using a scaler tipBack to article page