Table 3 Prevalence of untreated decay by socioeconomic characteristic, sugar consumption, toothbrushing behavior, and dental visit history

Socioeconomic characteristics

 Sex

  Male

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Female

0.81 (0.60–1.09)

0.77 (0.50–1.19)

1.12 (0.86–1.45)

1.39 (0.99–1.96)

0.06

 School type

  Public

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Private

0.95 (0.68–1.33)

1.18 (0.70–1.97)

0.80 (0.53–1.20)

0.68 (0.39–1.17)

0.16

 Screening site

  Abu Saleem

  Hey al Andalus

0.98 (0.73–1.32)

0.51 (0.29–0.90)

0.86 (0.67–1.13)

0.48 (0.32–0.73)

 < 0.001

 Mother’s educational level

   < High school

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

   ≥ High school

0.79 (0.55–1.15)

0.91 (0.51–1.63)

0.88 (0.66–1.17)

1.13 (0.74–1.72)

0.56

 Father’s educational level

   < High school

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

   ≥ High school

0.76 (0.55–1.07)

0.83 (0.49–1.42)

1.05 (0.80–1.38)

1.07 (0.71–1.60)

0.75

 Mother’s employment status

  Homemaker

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Employed

1.08 (0.78–1.50)

0.95 (0.61–1.47)

0.72 (0.56–0.94)

0.62 (0.43–0.88)

0.02

 Father’s employment status

  Freelancer

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Employed

0.93 (0.66–1.31)

0.89 (0.55–1.43)

1.31 (0.99–1.72)

1.32 (0.92–1.89)

0.13

Sugar consumption

 Drinking soda

0.32

  Rarely or never

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Several times/wk

1.79 (1.27–2.53)

1.61 (0.98–2.67)

0.97 (0.70–1.35)

0.71 (0.47–1.08)

0.11

  1 time/d

1.93 (1.19–3.15)

1.43 (0.68–3.02)

1.26 (0.81–1.94)

0.80 (0.44–1.44)

0.46

  2–3 times/d

1.97 (1.06–3.66)

1.87 (0.73–4.79)

1.64 (1.06–2.54)

1.11 (0.59–2.11)

0.74

   ≥ 4 times/d

2.26 (0.65–7.92)

3.45 (0.28–42.5)

1.71 (0.51–5.75)

1.88 (0.26–13.3)

0.53

 Drinking juice

0.56

  Rarely or never

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Several times/wk

2.78 (1.79–4.34)

2.01 (0.97–4.14)

1.17 (0.74–1.85)

1.46 (0.79–2.70)

0.22

  1 time/d

2.76 (1.70–4.48)

1.52 (0.68–3.40)

1.34 (0.82–2.18)

1.54 (0.79–2.99)

0.20

  2–3 times/d

3.34 (2.01–5.53)

1.81 (0.75–4.36)

1.53 (0.93–2.52)

1.87 (0.90–3.89)

0.10

   ≥ 4 times/d

2.80 (1.23–6.38)

2.09 (0.49–9.00)

1.65 (0.65–4.18)

1.31 (0.40–4.25)

0.65

 Eating sweets

0.33

  Rarely or never

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Several times/wk

2.29 (1.38–3.79)

1.83 (0.76–4.41)

0.99 (0.62–1.58)

0.77 (0.41–1.46)

0.42

  1 time/d

2.60 (1.52–4.43)

2.71 (1.05–6.95)

0.91 (0.54–1.53)

0.68 (0.33–1.39)

0.29

  2–3 times/d

3.70 (2.08–6.58)

3.49 (1.25–9.70)

1.29 (0.76–2.19)

0.85 (0.39–1.84)

0.67

   ≥ 4 times/d

2.01 (0.94–4.26)

1.11 (0.31–3.91)

2.22 (1.10–4.49)

1.58 (0.59–4.23)

0.37

Toothbrushing behavior

 Brushing frequency

0.59

  Rarely or never

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Several times/wk

1.31 (0.80–2.16)

1.57 (0.40–6.19)

1.12 (0.71–1.75)

NA^a

NA^a

  1 time/d

0.94 (0.59–1.50)

1.36 (0.35–5.25)

0.80 (0.51–1.23)

0.76 (0.49–1.16)

0.20

  2–3 times/d

0.90 (0.56–1.45)

1.58 (0.40–6.20)

0.92 (0.59–1.44)

0.87 (0.55–1.36)

0.53

   ≥ 4 times/d

0.39 (0.21–0.75)

1.87 (0.39–8.95)

0.76 (0.41–1.40)

0.71 (0.36–1.43)

0.34

 Brushing duration

 < 0.001

   < 1 min

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  1 min

0.64 (0.40–1.03)

1.53 (0.83–2.80)

1.28 (0.85–1.92)

1.34 (0.83–2.15)

0.23

  2 min

0.46 (0.28–0.76)

0.96 (0.51–1.81)

0.81 (0.53–1.24)

0.76 (0.47–1.25)

0.29

   ≥ 3 min

0.42 (0.24–0.72)

0.53 (0.25–1.13)

0.53 (0.29–0.96)

0.39 (0.19–0.79)

0.01

Dental visit history

 Past dental visit

 < 0.001

  Never

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

1.0 [Ref]

  Routine

1.08 (0.71–1.64)

0.78 (0.39–1.55)

1.80 (1.15–2.70)

1.71 (0.92–3.16)

0.09

  Treatment

2.74 (1.60–4.70)

3.81 (1.82–7.95)

1.94 (1.41–2.67)

2.23 (1.49–3.33)

 < 0.001

  Emergency

14.1 (5.15–38.80)

9.91 (3.47–28.30)

2.35 (1.61–3.43)

2.76 (1.75–4.34)

 < 0.001