Table 2 Operating time in minutes for single-visit nonsurgical endodontic treatment under GA related to endodontic case difficulty factors
Factors | N (%) | Time (mean±SD) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
A. Patient considerations | |||
Medical history | |||
ASA 1 | 74 (37.4) | 58.8±24.4 | 0.75 |
ASA 2 or ASA 3 | 124 (62.6) | 59.5±24.9 | |
Anesthesia | |||
No history of anesthesia problems | 196 (99.0) | 58.8±24.4 | 0.05 |
Vasoconstrictor intolerance | 2 (1.0) | 100.0±28.3 | |
Patient disposition | |||
Cooperation with both clinical and radiographic examination | 40 (20.2) | 66.9±26..5 | 0.06 |
Cooperation with either clinical or radiographic examination | 134 (67.7) | 57.0±23.2 | |
Cooperation with none of examination | 24 (12.1) | 59.0±28.1 | |
Ability to open mouth | |||
No limitation | 188 (94.9) | 59.5±24.4 | 0.61 |
Limitation | 10 (5.1) | 54.6±30.9 | |
Gag reflex | |||
None | – | – | – |
Occasional or extreme | – | – | |
Emergency condition | |||
Minimum pain or swelling | 189 (95.5) | 58.3±24.3 | 0.02 |
Moderate pain or swelling | 9 (4.5) | 78.9±26.6 | |
B. Diagnosis and treatment considerations | |||
Diagnosis | |||
Signs and symptoms consistent with pulpal and periapical conditions | 181 (91.4) | 59.0±24.7 | 0.67 |
Extensive differential diagnosis | 17 (8.6) | 61.5±24.6 | |
Radiographic difficulties | |||
Minimal | 190 (96.0) | 58.1±24.4 | < 0.01 |
Moderate | 8 (4.0) | 87.0±13.8 | |
Tooth position | |||
Anterior/premolar Slight inclination or rotation < 10° | 123 (62.1) | 45.6±15.9 | < 0.01 |
1st, 2nd, or 3rd molar Moderate or extreme inclination or rotation ≥ 10° | 75 (37.9) | 81.6±19.7 | |
Isolation | |||
Routine rubber dam placement | 172 (86.9) | 58.7±24.3 | 0.40 |
Pretreatment modification | 26 (13.1) | 63.1±27.1 | |
Crown morphology | |||
None of complication | 103 (52.0) | 51.3±21.6 | <0.01 |
Moderate or severe complication | 95 (48.0) | 67.8±25.0 | |
Canal and Root morphology | |||
Slight or no curvature < 10° Closed apex (< 1 mm in diameter) | 117 (59.1) | 47.3±18.3 | < 0.01 |
Moderate or extreme curvature ≥ 10° Open apex (≥ 1 mm) | 81 (40.9) | 76.5±22.5 | |
Canal appearance | |||
Not reduced | 137 (69.2) | 52.7±22.4 | < 0.01 |
Reduced or indistinct | 61 (30.8) | 74.0±23.2 | |
Apical resorption | |||
None | 130 (65.7) | 58.0±25.0 | 0.20 |
Minimal or extensive | 68 (34.3) | 61.7±24.2 | |
C. Additional considerations | |||
Trauma history | |||
None | 182 (91.9) | 60.2±25.3 | 0.10 |
Fracture or luxation | 16 (8.1) | 48.7±10.8 | |
Endo treatment history | |||
None | 181 (91.4) | 59.7±25.1 | 0.45 |
Previous access | 17 (8.6) | 54.0±19.3 | |
Perio-Endo condition | |||
None or mild periodontal disease | 183 (92.4) | 57.7±24.2 | <0.01 |
Moderate periodontal disease | 15 (7.6) | 77.6±23.9 | |