Table 1 PICO focus question, criteria for inclusion, sources of information, search terms, search strategy, search filters, and search dates
Focus question | Can the use of virtual reality or smartphone applications decrease dental anxiety in paediatric patients? | |
|---|---|---|
Criteria | Inclusion criteria | English language Subjects < 18 years Involving dental treatment or examination Involving element of virtual reality or bespoke smartphone application Anxiety as primary/secondary outcome |
Exclusion criteria | Non-English language papers Adult patients (> 18) Non-dental studies Smartphone applications for uses other than to alleviate anxiety (e.g., to improve oral hygiene Studies using video glasses alone without virtual reality components | |
Information Sources | Electronic databases | The Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE(PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science |
Journals | All peer reviewed dental journals available online in above databases | |
Other | Online internet search engine (i.e. Google), internet research community websites (https://www.researchgate.net/), reference crosschecks, hand-searches, etc | |
Search Terms (PICO) | Population | All humans studies involving Medical OR dental (medic* OR dentist* OR dental) |
Intervention/exposure | Treatment or first appointment (treatment* OR procedure* OR operation* OR "first appointment*" OR "first clinic*" OR "first attendance*" OR hospital* OR an*esthe*)AND preparation OR anxiety OR autism OR stress (prepar* OR anxi* OR autis* OR stress*) | |
Comparison | None | |
Outcome | Anxiety/stress | |
Filters | Language | English |
Species | Humans | |
Ages | No filter | |
Journal categories | All | |
Search query as performed in electronic databases | (TITLE-ABS-KEY (medic* OR dentist* OR dental)) AND ((TITLE-ABS-KEY ((prepar* OR anxi* OR autis* OR stress*)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ((treatment* OR procedure* OR operation* OR "first appointment*" OR "first clinic*" OR "first attendance*" OR hospital* OR an*esthe*)))) AND ((TITLE-ABS-KEY (({app} OR app's OR apps) AND (mobile* OR smartphone* OR iphone* OR ipad* OR tablet*)) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ({little journey}) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ({virtual reality MRI}) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ({take ten}) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ({sidekicks!}) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ({brighthearts}))) AND (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, "English")) AND (LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, "ar") OR LIMIT-TO (DOCTYPE, "re")) | |
Search Dates | Last confirmatory online final search was performed on 31/08/2019. No further online searches were performed after this date | |