Fig. 4
From: Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens
Mechanism of S. salivarius K12 mediated IL-8 reduction. IL-8 release by primary human gingival fibroblasts induced by F. nucleatum (FN). S. salivarius K12 (K12) and various culture supernatants co-administered with FN; Sterile filtered supernatant (K12 Sup); K12 Supernatant fraction > 10 kDa (K12 Sup > 10 kDa); K12 Supernatant fraction < 10 kDa (K12 Sup < 10 kDa); K12 cells Freeze/Thaw Extract (FT); FT Extract heat inactivated at 80 °C 10 min (FT Extract + Heat); FT Extract digested with Trypsin for 10 min (FT Extract + Trypsin). Samples were analysed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test compared with control (*p < 0.05). Error bars represent ± standard error of the mean