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Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of heart rate changes (adjusted model)

From: Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during infiltration anesthesia in pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial

Variable

Category

HR difference (video on—baseline)

R2 = 0.195

HR difference (topical anesthesia application— baseline)

R2 = 0.267

HR difference (needle insertion—baseline)

R2 = 0.232

HR difference (after local anesthesia—baseline)

R2 = 0.331

β ± SE

(95% CI)

P-value

β ± SE

(95% CI)

P-value

β ± SE

(95% CI)

P-value

β ± SE

(95% CI)

P-value

Age

6–8 years

 − 0.64 ± 2.90

(− 6.48 to 5.20)

0.827

2.26 ± 2.89

(− 3.56 to 8.08)

0.438

2.91 ± 3.96

(− 5.07 to 10.88)

0.467

3.46 ± 3.99

(− 4.57 to 11.50

0.390

9–12 years

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Gender

Females

 − 1.12 ± 2.88

(− 6.92 to 4.68)

0.700

 − 0.79 ± 2.87

(− 6.57 to 4.99)

0.785

2.59 ± 3.93

(− 5.33 to 10.52)

0.513

7.01 ± 3.96

(− 0.97 to 14.99)

0.084

Males

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

HR baseline

 

 − 0.33 ± 0.12

(− 0.56 to − 0.09)

0.007*

 − 0.44 ± 0.12

(− 0.67 to − 0.21)

 < 0.001*

 − 0.52 ± 0.16

(− 0.84 to − 0.20)

0.002*

 − 0.59 ± 0.16

(− 0.91 to − 0.27)

0.001*

Group

Test

6.49 ± 2.93

(0.60 to 12.38)

0.032*

4.65 ± 2.92

(− 1.23 to 10.52)

0.118

7.24 ± 3.99

(− 0.81 to 15.28)

0.077

10.68 ± 4.03

(2.58 to 18.79)

0.011*

Control

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  1. HR heart rate
  2. *Statistically significant