Table 3 Distribution of participants according to number of decayed teeth (DT) (ICDAS3+) by intervention group, gender, socioeconomics, oral health-related behaviour and anthropometrics
DT | |||
|---|---|---|---|
0 (n = 149) | ≥ 1 (n = 53) | p-value | |
Group | 0.343 | ||
Intervention | 76 | 24 | |
Control | 70 | 30 | |
Gender | 0.795 | ||
Boys | 75 | 25 | |
Girls | 73 | 27 | |
Socioeconomics | |||
Parental education (%)1 | 0.769 | ||
Vocational | 75 | 25 | |
Polytechnic | 73 | 27 | |
University | 78 | 22 | |
Household income (%)2 | 0.773 | ||
≤ 29,999€ | 69 | 31 | |
30,000–59,000€ | 79 | 21 | |
≥ 60,000€ | 75 | 25 | |
Health-related behavior | |||
Tooth brushing frequency (%)3 | 0.066 | ||
At least twice a day | 77 | 23 | |
Less often | 63 | 37 | |
Smoking (%)4 | 0.846 | ||
Never | 74 | 26 | |
Current or occasional | 76 | 24 | |
Electronic cigarette smoking (%)4 | 0.373 | ||
Never | 72 | 27 | |
Current or occasional | 80 | 20 | |
Use of snuff (%)4 | 0.038 | ||
Never | 71 | 29 | |
Current or occasional | 90 | 10 | |
Smoking or use of snuff (%) | 0.202 | ||
Both | 89 | 11 | |
Smoking | 63 | 38 | |
Snuff | 90 | 10 | |
Neither | 72 | 28 | |
DIET | |||
Use of sugar sweetened beverages (%)5 | 0.033 | ||
Once a week or less often | 79 | 21 | |
2–3 times a week | 69 | 31 | |
4–7 times a week | 53 | 47 | |
Number of main meals per day (%)6 | 0.714 | ||
< 3 | 75 | 25 | |
3 | 73 | 28 | |
Number of snacks per day (%)6 | 0.865 | ||
< 2 | 75 | 25 | |
2–3 | 73 | 27 | |
> 3 | 79 | 21 | |
Carbohydrate intake (E%)7 | |||
Continuous, mean (SD) | 46.6 (7.4) | 49.0 (6.3) | 0.057 |
In tertiles (%) | 0.147 | ||
Lowest (range 25.7–44.5) | 84 | 16 | |
Middle (range 44.6–49.7) | 73 | 27 | |
Highest (range 48.7–66.1) | 69 | 31 | |
Sucrose intake (E%)7 | 10.3 (5.4) | 11.1 (4.5) | 0.185 |
Continuous, mean (SD) | |||
In tertiles(%) | 0.381 | ||
Lowest (range 1.5–7.8) | 82 | 18 | |
Middle (range 7.9–11.8) | 73 | 27 | |
Highest (range 11.9–29.1) | 70 | 30 | |
Body composition | |||
Waist (cm), mean (SD) | 72.5 (8.2) | 73.3 (10.4) | 0.875 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 61.2 (11.4) | 61.5 (13.4) | 0.911 |
Body Mass Index | |||
Continuous, mean (SD) | 20.8 (3.1) | 21.0 (4.0) | 0.963 |
In tertiles (%) | 0.808 | ||
Lowest (range 14.9–19.6) | 33 | 34 | |
Middle (range 19.6–21.2) | 35 | 30 | |
Highest (range 21.2–38.7) | 32 | 36 | |
BMI-SDS 8 | |||
Continuous, mean (SD) | − 0.08 (0.9) | − 0.08 (1.1) | 0.874 |
In tertiles (%) | 0.980 | ||
Lowest (range − 3.0 to − 0.4) | 75 | 25 | |
Middle (range − 0.4 to 0.2) | 74 | 26 | |
Highest (range 0.2–2.8) | 73 | 27 | |
Body fat (%), mean (SD) | 21.9 (9.6) | 24.5 (10.5) | 0.102 |
Previous caries experience | |||
Number of decayed teeth at baseline, mean (SD) | |||
Initial or decayed lesions in deciduous or permanent teeth | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.7 (2.0) | 0.052 |
Only decayed lesions in deciduous or permanent teeth | 0.03 (0.2) | 0.04 (0.3) | 0.745 |
Number of decayed teeth at 2 year follow-up, mean (SD) | |||
Initial or decayed lesions in deciduous or permanent teeth | 1.2 (1.6) | 1.7 (2.0) | 0.095 |
Only decayed lesions in deciduous or permanent teeth | 0.1(0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.164 |