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Table 4 GLMM analysis of intervention mechanisms, time, intervention arm, covariates and clinical outcomes***

From: Evaluating mechanisms of change in an oral hygiene improvement trial with older adults

Variable

Estimate

Std. error

p value

CL

Upper

Lower

Gingival Index

Self-efficacy *, **

− 0.02182

0.01692

0.1983

− 0.05512

0.01149

 Time

− 0.07759

0.01911

< .0001

− 0.1152

− 0.03998

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07721

0.02646

0.0038

− 0.1293

− 0.02514

Perceived risk *, **

− 0.00143

0.01333

0.9149

− 0.02765

0.02480

 Time

− 0.07705

0.01920

< .0001

− 0.1148

− 0.03928

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.08163

0.02632

0.0021

− 0.1334

− 0.02984

Intent *, **

− 0.09234

0.03015

0.0024

− 0.1517

− 0.03302

 Time

− 0.06996

0.01945

0.0004

− 0.1082

− 0.03169

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07742

0.02656

0.0038

− 0.1297

− 0.02515

Norms *, **

− 0.03425

0.02415

0.1572

− 0.08177

0.01327

 Time

− 0.07338

0.01936

0.0002

− 0.1115

− 0.03527

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.08009

0.02637

0.0026

− 0.1320

− 0.02821

Locus of control (*)

− 0.04627

0.01366

0.0008

− 0.07314

− 0.01940

 Time

− 0.07807

0.01906

< .0001

− 0.1156

− 0.04057

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07298

0.02629

0.0058

− 0.1247

− 0.02125

Worry*, **

− 0.01702

0.01342

0.2056

− 0.04342

0.009383

 Time

− 0.07398

0.01932

0.0002

− 0.1120

− 0.03595

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.08018

0.02633

0.0025

− 0.1320

− 0.02836

Fears *, **

− 0.01006

0.009907

0.3107

− 0.02956

0.009435

 Time

− 0.07467

0.01932

0.0001

− 0.1127

− 0.03666

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.08017

0.02636

0.0026

− 0.1320

− 0.02830

Sugar Intake*, **

0.009035

0.01961

0.6454

− 0.02956

0.04763

 Time

− 0.07468

0.01992

0.0002

− 0.1139

− 0.03549

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.08229

0.02636

0.0020

− 0.1342

− 0.03043

Brushing *, **

− 0.06488

0.02670

0.0157

− 0.1174

− 0.01234

 Time

− 0.07580

0.01924

0.0001

− 0.1137

− 0.03794

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.07593

0.02652

0.0045

− 0.1281

− 0.02375

Flossing *, **

− 0.05892

0.02018

0.0038

− 0.09863

− 0.01921

 Time

− 0.07127

0.01926

0.0003

− 0.1092

− 0.03338

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.07495

0.02640

0.0048

− 0.1269

− 0.02300

Plaque scores

Self efficacy*,**

0.003714

0.01318

0.7783

− 0.02222

0.02965

 Time

− 0.08234

0.01732

< .0001

− 0.1164

− 0.04825

 Intervention *time (AMI)

− 0.08175

0.02391

0.0007

− 0.1288

− 0.03469

Perceived risk *, **

− 0.01705

0.01035

0.1005

− 0.03742

0.003318

 Time

− 0.08099

0.01732

< .0001

− 0.1151

− 0.04691

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.08052

0.02373

0.0008

− 0.1272

− 0.03383

Intent *, **

− 0.00157

0.02170

0.9422

− 0.04427

0.04112

 Time

− 0.08229

0.01739

< .0001

− 0.1165

− 0.04807

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.08091

0.02377

0.0008

− 0.1277

− 0.03412

Norms *, **

− 0.02574

0.01887

0.1737

− 0.06287

0.01140

 Time

− 0.07957

0.01745

< .0001

− 0.1139

− 0.04523

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.07977

0.02378

0.0009

− 0.1266

− 0.03296

Locus of control *, **

− 0.01988

0.01068

0.0638

− 0.04090

0.001148

 Time

− 0.08273

0.01731

< .0001

− 0.1168

− 0.04866

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07728

0.02383

0.0013

− 0.1242

− 0.03038

Worry *, **

− 0.02246

0.009910

0.0241

− 0.04197

− 0.00296

 Time

− 0.07807

0.01742

< .0001

− 0.1123

− 0.04379

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07914

0.02377

0.0010

− 0.1259

− 0.03236

Fears *,**

− 0.02562

0.007592

0.0008

− 0.04056

− 0.01068

 Time

− 0.07602

0.01720

< .0001

− 0.1099

− 0.04217

 Intervention*time (AMI)

− 0.07718

0.02348

0.0011

− 0.1234

− 0.03097

Sugar intake *,**

− 0.01819

0.01419

0.2009

− 0.04611

0.009737

 Time

− 0.08746

0.01771

< .0001

− 0.1223

− 0.05260

 Intervention * time (AMI)

− 0.07973

0.02371

0.0009

− 0.1264

− 0.03307

Brushing *,**

− 0.02395

0.01911

0.2111

− 0.06155

0.01365

 Time

− 0.08191

0.01733

< .0001

− 0.1160

− 0.04782

 Intervention* time (AMI)

− 0.07882

0.02382

0.0011

− 0.1257

− 0.03194

Flossing *,**

− 0.01959

0.01515

0.1967

− 0.04940

0.01021

 Time

− 0.08044

0.01739

< .0001

− 0.1147

− 0.04622

 Intervention* time (AMI)

− 0.07872

0.02383

0.0011

− 0.1256

− 0.03182

  1. *Refers to sex as covariate; ** refers to education as covariate ***; Slicing effects show that the change occurs in intervention A versus B across all analyses