Use of oral health care services in the United States: unequal, inequitable—a cross-sectional study

BMC Oral Health

Table 1 Sample characteristics, percent with no dental visits (95% CI) (weighted)

	Number	Percent (weighted)	With no dental visits (%)	Difference (95% CI)
Total	4745		39.7	-
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age (years)
30 to < 40	979	21.6	48.1	Ref
40 to < 50	941	21.4	35.6	− 12.5 (− 16.9, − 8.2)
50 to < 60	924	22.6	42.2	− 5.9 (− 10.4, − 1.4)
60 to < 70	949	18.4	30.4	− 17.7(− 22.0, − 13.5)
70+	952	16.0	40.8	− 7.4 (− 11.8, − 2.9)
Gender
Female	2458	52.4	36.2	Ref
Male	2287	47.6	43.4	7.2 (4.4–10.0)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1574	65.9	36.0	Ref
Non-Hispanic Black	991	10.8	46.5	10.5 (6.6–14.5)
Hispanic	1466	14.0	53.5	17.5 (14.0–20.9)
Other	714	9.3	37.4	1.4 (− 0.0, 0.1)
Main language
English	3758	90.6	38.0	Ref
Other	987	9.4	55.2	17.2 (13.7–20.6)
Country of birth
US born	3057	81.0	38.6	Ref
Other countries born	1687	19.0	44.0	5.4 (2.4–8.3)
US citizen
Yes	3955	90.8	38.0	Ref
No	778	9.2	55.7	17.6 (13.8–21.4)
Disparity variables
Education
College	1177	33.2	22.0	Ref
Some college	1333	31.3	41.3	19.3 (15.8–22.9)
High school	1004	20.3	50.5	28.4 (24.5–32.3)
Less than high school	1226	15.2	60.3	38.3 (34.7–41.9)
Income
≥ $100,000	739	27.9	18.8	Ref
$45,000 to < 100,000	1280	32.8	38.6	19.7 (16.1–23.4)
$20,000 to < $45,000	1320	24.2	50.0	31.1 (27.5–34.8)
< $20,000	1050	15.0	60.9	42.1 (38.0–46.2)
Need
Self-rated oral health
Excellent/very good	1458	39.3	23.3	Ref
Good	1535	31.4	38.2	15.0 (11.7–18.2)
Fair/poor	1746	29.3	63.2	39.9 (36.8–43.0)
Impaired oral health
Never	3088	69.0	34.6	Ref
Hardly ever	1657	31.0	50.9	16.2 (13.8–21.4)

ISSN: 1472-6831