Authors | Patient | Region | Symptoms | Diagnostic/therapy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Burkhard et al. [4] | 31, f | Germany | Pain left TMJ radiating into the upper and lower teeth Difficulty with mouth opening (32 mm) Sensation swelling left side of face Redness left cheek to chin Bruxism Fatigue | MRI: Idiopathic facial nerve palsy with inflammatory changes in the parotid and submandibular glands → Zovirax (5 × 800 mg/7 d) ELISA serology positive IgM and IgG |
Xie et al. [32] | 16, m | United States | Left temporomandibular joint, right patella pain Dislocation, bilateral forearm pain Fatigue Left-sided Bell’s palsy Low grade fever Left mandibular pain | Western blot: positive Lyme antibodies Doxycycline Bilateral TMJ diagnostic arthroscopy followed by arthrocentesis with joint lavage and intra-articular (IAC) corticosteroid injections of the TMJ’s |
te Veldhuis et al. [27] | 61, f | Netherlands | Facial pain Restriction of mouth opening to 38 mm Impaired speaking ability Inability to close lips Bilateral peripheral facial nerve paresis Weakness of left arm | Laboratory testing: positive IgG and IgM antibodies 3-weeks intravenous ceftriaxone; 2 g per day |
Wolanska-Klimkiewicz et al. [31] | 50, f | Poland | Tick bite was noticed Swelling of eyelids (upper and lower), cheek, neck after 12 h ? weeks after the bite, the condition worsened: Pain in joints, muscles, conjunctivitis, hypersensitivity to light, dental symptoms, pain in the chest and heart area with increased blood pressure 5.5 months after tick bite: erythema on lower limb Neurologic symptoms: paralysis of the left side face, numbness in the right neck | Antihistamine drugs Compresses with aluminum acetotartrate (Altacet) Synthetic corticosteroid (Elocom) Oral heart supplements Macrolide antibiotic ELISA test: positive IgM and antibodies Doxycycline (Unidox), Metronidazol Amoxicillin (Amoksiklav) |
Lee et al. [15] | 8, m | United States | TMJ pain Mouth opening difficulty (max. 10 mm) Stiff neck Frequent headache Bilateral knee joint swelling | 400 mg Ibuprofen every 6 h Warm compresses CT Scan: inflammatory sites in both TMJs Western blot: High serum antibody: Amoxicillin for 21 days (50 mg/kg) |
Lesnicar and Zerdoner [16] | 59, f | Slovenia | Erythema migrans Fatigue Pain in shoulder, knee, hip joints Pain in right TMJ Difficulty with mouth opening (max. 20 mm) Fever Uneven surface of mandibular head TMJ Swollen joints | ELISA serology positive IgM and IgG Ceftriaxone for 3 weeks |
52, m | Slovenia | Fatigue Myalgia in the extremities Pain in both TMJs Pain in left arm | ELISA, Western blot Serological positive Bb IgM and IgG antibodies Ceftriaxone daily dosage of 2 g for 3 weeks | |
Vesper et al. [29] | 49, f | Germany | Pain left TMJ Fever Swollen left TMJ Difficulty with mouth opening (max. 20 mm) Non-occlusion left side Bonnet-protective posture Left-sided TMJ arthritis without an indication of degenerative disease | Rocephin parenteral 2 g/d Infection with Bb through tick bite was known → Diagnosis was only confirmed 5 years after tick bite by serological detection Doxycycline for 7 d (twice in a period of 3 months) |
Heir and Fein [11] | 49, f | United States | 14 months of neurological symptomology Facial pain Facial numbness Left Eye pain Numbness of extremities Joint pain Concentration problems | Oral amoxicillin, 2 years after the beginning of appearance of symptoms Herxheimer reaction after antibiotic therapy Inpatient admission to hospital: Intravenous ceftriaxone sodium |
28, f | United States | Facial pain Pain in the left TMJ Migraine headache Neck pain Visual problems Upper body numbness | Antibiotic therapy | |
34, f | United States | Pain of chin + forehead Pain of right cheek Paralysis of the right lower side of face | ||
Lader [14] | 33, w | United States | Headache Paresthesia in posterior cervical region, hands Stiffness and pain in neck Pain in right TMJ + intermittent click Pain masticatory muscles | Chiropractor: treatment failed 12 medications (e.g. Naproxen (Anaprox, Ibuprofen, Methocarbamol) Dentist: Splint therapy → failed Serology Test: first was Bb negative: Penicillin therapy, lidocaine injection → second test positive |
Harris [9] | 35, f | United States | Pain in right jaw Right lateral pterygoid muscle slightly tender to palpation Difficulty with mouth opening (max. 25 mm) Recurrent episodes of arthralgia in shoulders, elbows, wrists Red spots on chest Positive LD diagnosis: wandering arthritis, erythema chronicum migrans | Hot compresses Soft food diet Medication: muscle relaxants Bilateral tomograms of TMJ: normal left joint, irregularities with reactive sclerosis of articular surface right condylar Tetracycline 500 mg for 2 weeks ELISA serology positive IgM and IgG |