Influence of active versus passive parental presence on the behavior of preschoolers with different intelligence levels in the dental operatory: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Table 1 Distribution of demographic variables, intelligence quotient, and fear levels among study groups before intervention

Factors	PAP n (%)	PPP n (%)	P value
Factors	N = 150 children		P value
Age
3–< 4 years	20 (26.7%)	18 (24%)	0.34
4–< 5 years	17 (22.7%)	25 (33.3%)
5–6 years	38 (50.7%)	32 (42.7%)
Gender
Male	45 (60.0%)	43 (57.3%)	0.74
Female	30 (40.0%)	32 (42.7%)
Intelligence quotient
HIQ	25 (33.3%)	25 (33.3%)	1.000
AIQ	25 (33.3%)	25 (33.3%)
LIQ	25 (33.3%)	25 (33.3%)
Fear
Unfearful	28 (37.3%)	39 (52.0%)	0.71
Fearful	47 (62.7%)	36 (48.0%)

^* Statistically significant at P < 0.05
HIQ high intelligence quotient group, AIQ average intelligence quotient group, LIQ low intelligence quotient group, PAP parental active presence, PPP parental passive presence

ISSN: 1472-6831