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Table 2 Association of cigarette, hookah and opium consumption with denture stomatitis (n = 1619)

From: The prevalence of denture stomatitis in cigarette and hookah smokers and opium addicts: findings from Rafsanjan Cohort Study

 

Crude model

Adjusted model 1

Adjusted model 2

Adjusted model 3

OR (95%Ci)a

OR (95%Ci)b

OR (95%Ci)c

OR (95%Ci)d

Cigarette smoking

 No

1

1

1

1

 Current

2.12 (1.63–2.76)

1.95 (1.36–2.80)

2.27 (1.52–3.38)

2.29 (1.53–3.41)

 Former

1.41 (1.00–2.00)

1.29 (0.85–2.96)

1.47 (0.95–2.27)

1.46 (0.95–2.27)

Duration of cigarette smoking

 Not smoker

1

1

1

1

 ≤ 11 year

2.01 (1.39–2.91)

1.84 (1.19–2.83)

2.05 (1.30–3.23)

2.00 (1.26–3.17)

 12–24 year

1.85 (1.28–2.70)

1.68 (1.08–2.63)

1.86 (1.16–2.95)

1.81 (1.13–2.90)

 25–34 year

1.56 (1.05–2.30)

1.41 (0.89–2.24)

1.51 (0.92–2.47)

1.55 (0.94–2.53)

 ≥ 35 year

2.08 (1.43–3.02)

1.93 (1.23–3.04)

2.09 (1.29–3.36)

2.09 (1.29–3.37)

Opium consumption

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.33 (1.05–1.69)

0.99 (0.74–1.33)

0.84 (0.61–1.17)

0.81 (0.58–1.13)

Interaction between cigarette smoking and opium use

1.45 (0.76–2.77)

1.52 (0.79–2.94)

1.51 (0.78–2.91)

1.65 (0.85–3.22)

Hookah using

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

0.91 (0.64–1.30)

0.80 (0.55–1.15)

0.82 (0.56–1.19)

0.79 (0.54–1.16)

  1. aThe baseline model is stratified on the status of cigarette, hookah and opium consumption
  2. bThe adjusted model 1 is adjusted for confounding variables of age (continuous variable), gender (male/ female), education years (continuous variable) and WSI (continuous variable)
  3. CThe adjusted model 2 has additional adjustment for history of hypertension (yes/no), Oral health factor (e.g. brushing frequency (continuous variable), alcohol use (yes/no)
  4. dThe adjusted model 3 has additional adjustment for vitamins A, B12 and a- and b-carotene, calcium and magnesium (continuous variable)